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iothings:proiecte:2025sric:esp32-ir-hub [2025/04/24 02:26] petru.zincenco |
iothings:proiecte:2025sric:esp32-ir-hub [2025/05/21 03:03] (current) petru.zincenco [Images] |
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| * **Author**: Petru Zincenco | * **Author**: Petru Zincenco | ||
| * **Master**: IA | * **Master**: IA | ||
| + | * **Date Completed**: 21 May 2025 | ||
| ===== Introduction ===== | ===== Introduction ===== | ||
| - | I am creating this project because I already have a Home Assistant server running on a Raspberry Pi 3, and I want to extend its capabilities to control my stereo system and air conditioner via IR. By turning an ESP32 into an IR transceiver, I can sniff existing NEC-protocol remote commands, replay them, and even send arbitrary data over IR directly from my phone through Home Assistant. | + | This project extends an existing Home Assistant setup (on Raspberry Pi 4) to control IR‐only devices via an ESP32 acting as an IR transceiver, and to monitor indoor temperature and humidity. We use the YS-IRTM module to sniff and replay NEC‐protocol commands, and a DHT11 sensor to read environment data every 30 minutes. All IR commands and sensor readings are exposed in Home Assistant as entities. |
| ===== General Description ===== | ===== General Description ===== | ||
| ==== Block Diagram ==== | ==== Block Diagram ==== | ||
| - | {{ :iothings:proiecte:2025sric:logicaldiagram.png?nolink&600 |}} | + | {{ :iothings:proiecte:2025sric:diagrama_2_.png?nolink&700 |}} |
| ==== Modules and Interactions ==== | ==== Modules and Interactions ==== | ||
| - | * **Home Assistant Server** (Raspberry Pi 3) | + | * **Home Assistant Server** (Raspberry Pi 4) |
| - | - Connected to local Wi-Fi. | + | - Runs ESPHome add-on for firmware management, API, MQTT and OTA. |
| - | - Hosts ESPHome for firmware management. | + | - Receives IR command events and sensor data from ESP32, exposes them as switches and sensors. |
| - | - Manages the 3 lights directly. | + | * **ESP32 IR & Sensor Hub** |
| - | * **ESP32 IR Hub** | + | - Connects over Wi-Fi (static IP) to Home Assistant via ESPHome native API. |
| - | - Connects back to Home Assistant over Wi-Fi (API/MQTT). | + | - Interfaces via UART (irSerial.begin at 9600, SERIAL_8N1) on GPIO 22 (RX) and GPIO 23 (TX) with YS-IRTM. |
| - | - Controls the YS-IRTM module via UART. | + | - Reads DHT11 sensor on GPIO 21 every 30 minutes. |
| * **YS-IRTM IR Emitter/Receiver Module** | * **YS-IRTM IR Emitter/Receiver Module** | ||
| - | - 38 kHz carrier, NEC-protocol. | + | - 38 kHz carrier, hardware-decode for NEC frames only. |
| - | - Controls the Air Conditioner and Audio System via infrared signals | + | - Outputs 3-byte payloads on receive; accepts 5-byte payloads to transmit. |
| + | * **DHT11 Temperature & Humidity Sensor** | ||
| + | - Reads temperature and humidity on GPIO 21; data logged every 30 minutes. | ||
| ===== Hardware Design ===== | ===== Hardware Design ===== | ||
| ==== Parts List ==== | ==== Parts List ==== | ||
| - | + | * ESP32 development board – 46 RON | |
| - | * 4-channel 3.3 V ↔ 5 V level-shifter – 11 RON | + | {{ :iothings:proiecte:2025sric:esp32.png?nolink&150 |}} |
| - | * YS-IRTM IR emitter/receiver module (38 kHz) – 22 RON | + | * YS-IRTM IR emitter/receiver module (38 kHz, NEC) – 22 RON |
| - | * ESP32 development board – 46 RON | + | {{ :iothings:proiecte:2025sric:ys-irtm.png?nolink&150 |}} |
| + | * DHT11 sensor module – 15 RON | ||
| + | {{ :iothings:proiecte:2025sric:dht11.png?nolink&150 |}} | ||
| + | * 4-channel 3.3 V ↔ 5 V level shifter – 11 RON | ||
| + | {{ :iothings:proiecte:2025sric:lvconvertor.png?nolink&150 |}} | ||
| * Jumper wires and breadboard | * Jumper wires and breadboard | ||
| + | **Total cost:** ≈ 94 RON | ||
| - | **Total cost:** 79 RON | + | ==== Connections and Wiring ==== |
| - | + | * **YS-IRTM Module** | |
| - | ==== Schematics and Signal Diagrams ==== | + | - LVCC → 3.3 V (ESP32) |
| - | + | - HVCC → 5 V (ESP32) | |
| - | {{ :iothings:proiecte:2025sric:diagramaelectrica.png?nolink&600 |}} | + | - GND → ESP32 GND |
| - | + | - TXD → level shifter → ESP32 GPIO 22 (RX) | |
| - | ==== Connections and Wiring Diagram ==== | + | - RXD ← level shifter ← ESP32 GPIO 23 (TX) |
| - | + | * **DHT11 Sensor** | |
| - | * **LVCC** → 3.3 V | + | - VCC → 5 V (ESP32) |
| - | * **HVCC** → 5 V | + | - GND → ESP32 GND |
| - | * **GND** → ESP32 GND | + | - DATA → ESP32 GPIO 21 |
| - | * **TXD** (module) → level shifter → ESP32 RX | + | * **IR LED & Driver** |
| - | * **RXD** (module) ← level shifter ← ESP32 TX | + | - IR LED anode → 5 V via resistor → transistor → ESP32 GPIO (configured by module) |
| + | - Common GND for all devices | ||
| ===== Software Design ===== | ===== Software Design ===== | ||
| + | ==== Environment & Components ==== | ||
| + | * **ESPHome** (YAML-based) for Wi-Fi, API, MQTT, OTA. | ||
| + | * **`uart`** on GPIO 22/23 at 9600 baud, SERIAL_8N1. | ||
| + | * **`remote_receiver`** + **`remote_transmitter`** for YS-IRTM NEC frames. | ||
| + | * **`dht`** sensor component on GPIO 21, update_interval: 1800 s. | ||
| + | * **Custom `text_sensor`** lambda to parse 3-byte NEC payloads into HA events. | ||
| - | ==== Development Environment and Libraries ==== | + | ==== Receive Handling ==== |
| + | 1. YS-IRTM decodes NEC IR and emits 3 bytes over UART. | ||
| + | 2. ESPHome buffers 3 bytes, then publishes an MQTT/state update (`ir_hub/last_command`). | ||
| + | 3. Home Assistant sensor template splits into user-code and command. | ||
| - | * **ESPHome** (YAML-based configuration, OTA updates, Home Assistant integration) | + | ==== Transmit Handling ==== |
| - | * **Micropython-YS-IRTM** examples for UART-based NEC IR transceiving | + | 1. HA invokes `switch.ir_send_<device>_<cmd>`. |
| - | * `uart` component on TX/RX GPIOs for communicating with the YS-IRTM module | + | 2. ESPHome writes 5-byte payload (Addr: 0xA1, F1: 0xF1, UC High, UC Low, Cmd) to UART. |
| - | * `remote_receiver` component for decoding NEC pulses into codes | + | 3. YS-IRTM emits NEC frame (9 ms mark, 4.5 ms space, data bits 562 µs @38 kHz). |
| - | * `remote_transmitter` component for keying a 38 kHz carrier according to NEC timing | + | 4. Module replies 0xF1 on success; ESPHome retries once after 1 s if no ack. |
| - | ==== YS-IRTM Module Details ==== | + | ==== Sensor Handling ==== |
| + | * DHT11 on GPIO 21 is read every 30 minutes. | ||
| + | * Temperature and humidity values are published to Home Assistant as `sensor.inside_temperature` and `sensor.inside_humidity`. | ||
| - | * Integrated dual 38 kHz 940 nm IR LED emitter and TSOP-style demodulator receiver with onboard MCU handling modulation/demodulation and UART. | + | ===== Known IR Codes ===== |
| - | * On **receive**, the module outputs TTL-level pulses over TXD representing NEC-encoded bursts (9 ms leader + 32 bits) which the ESP32 times to reconstruct address/command words. | + | ^ Function ^ NEC Code ^ |
| - | * On **transmit**, the module accepts a UART frame of five bytes and generates a keyed 38 kHz IR carrier: a 9 ms AGC burst, 4.5 ms space, 32 bits of 562.5 µs bursts with 562.5 µs (0) or 1.6875 ms (1) spaces, plus a final 562.5 µs burst. | + | | Power On/Off | 01 FE 04 | |
| + | | Mute | 01 FE 09 | | ||
| + | | Volume Down | 01 FE 05 | | ||
| + | | Volume Up | 01 FE 06 | | ||
| - | ==== Transmit Protocol ==== | + | ===== Images ===== |
| - | + | ===== Images ===== | |
| - | * **Payload Structure:** Five-byte UART frame: (Address, Command, Data 1, Data 2, Data 3). The module automatically appends the inverse of the Command as the fourth byte in the IR frame. | + | Hardware setup: ESP32, YS-IRTM module and DHT11 sensor wired on the breadboard and powered on. |
| - | * **NEC Framing:** | + | {{ :iothings:proiecte:2025sric:fizic.jpeg?nolink&700 |}} |
| - | * **Leader:** 9 ms carrier-ON, 4.5 ms carrier-OFF | + | ESP32 in Home Assistant UI: The ESP32 entity and exposed IR switches and sensor values displayed on the HA dashboard. |
| - | * **Data:** 32 bits LSB first, each bit = 562.5 µs carrier + 562.5 µs space (0) or 1.6875 ms space (1) | + | {{ :iothings:proiecte:2025sric:esp_ha.png?nolink&700 |}} |
| - | * **Trailer:** 562.5 µs burst to mark end-of-frame | + | Inside Temperature Graph: Logged DHT11 readings showing temperature variations over time. |
| - | * **Repeat:** on long key-press, a 9 ms burst + 2.25 ms space + 562.5 µs burst every ~108 ms | + | {{ :iothings:proiecte:2025sric:temperatura.png?nolink&700 |}} |
| - | * **UART Confirmation:** Module echoes back the Command byte on successful IR send; no reply indicates invalid payload | + | Inside Humidity Graph: Logged DHT11 readings showing humidity fluctuations over time. |
| - | + | {{ :iothings:proiecte:2025sric:umiditate.png?nolink&700 |}} | |
| - | ==== Implemented Algorithms and Structures ==== | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | * **Receive Path:** | + | |
| - | - `remote_receiver` measures incoming demodulated pulse lengths to reconstruct NEC codes (address + ¬address + command + ¬command). | + | |
| - | - On complete frame, publishes three data bytes (address, command, data) via UART. | + | |
| - | * **Transmit Path:** | + | |
| - | - `remote_transmitter` configures a hardware PWM at 38 kHz and keys it on/off per NEC timing based on bytes received over UART. | + | |
| - | - Splits longer payloads into 3-byte chunks with address headers, resending on NACK or timeout. | + | |
| ===== Results ===== | ===== Results ===== | ||
| + | All NEC remotes in the stereo system are learned and replayed via Home Assistant. Indoor temperature and humidity are logged every 30 minutes and available in HA dashboards. OTA updates allow wireless firmware management. | ||
| - | ===== Conclusions ===== | + | ===== Future Improvements (Brief) ===== |
| + | * Add direct IR raw capture and transmit to support non-NEC devices. | ||
| ===== Download ===== | ===== Download ===== | ||
| <html><a class="media mediafile mf_pdf" href="?do=export_pdf">Download PDF</a></html> | <html><a class="media mediafile mf_pdf" href="?do=export_pdf">Download PDF</a></html> | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===== Journal ===== | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===== Bibliography/Resources ===== | ||
