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Sumar - Cheatsheet
Căi în ierarhia de fișiere
Calea curentă
student@uso:~$ pwd /home/student
Cale relativă și cale absolută
Cale relativă:
student@uso:~$ ls -l comenzi/mkdir/ total 8 drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 Sep 29 18:20 Avengers drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 Sep 29 19:21 GameOfThrones
Cale absolută:
student@uso:~$ ls -l /home/student/ total 8 drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 Sep 29 18:20 Avengers drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 Sep 29 19:21 GameOfThrones
Schimbarea căii curente
student@uso:/etc$ pwd /etc student@uso:/etc$ cd /usr student@uso:/usr$ pwd /usr
Scurtături de căi
Caracterul -:
student@uso:~$ pwd /home/student student@uso:~$ cd /usr/bin/ student@uso:/usr/bin$ pwd /usr/bin student@uso:/usr/bin$ cd - /home/student student@uso:~$ cd - /usr/bin student@uso:/usr/bin$ cd - /home/student student@uso:~$ cd - /usr/bin
Caracterul ~:
student@uso:/usr/bin$ cd /tmp/ student@uso:/tmp$ pwd /tmp student@uso:/tmp$ cd ~ student@uso:~$ pwd /home/student student@uso:~$ cd /usr/bin/X11/ student@uso:/usr/bin/X11$ pwd /usr/bin/X11 student@uso:/usr/bin/X11$ cd ~ student@uso:~$ pwd /home/student
Interacțiunea cu fișiere în linia de comandă
Ierarhie de fișiere
student@uso:~$ tree -L 1 / / |-- bin |-- boot |-- dev |-- etc |-- home |-- initrd.img -> /boot/initrd.img-3.16.0-4-586 |-- lib |-- lib64 |-- libx32 |-- lost+found |-- media |-- mnt |-- opt |-- proc |-- root |-- run |-- sbin |-- srv |-- sys |-- tmp |-- usr |-- var ``-- vmlinuz -> boot/vmlinuz-3.16.0-4-586
Afișarea conținutului unui director
student@uso:~/Avengers$ ls Captain America Iron Man Thor
student@uso:~/touch$ ls -l total 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 Sep 29 17:32 cities -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 Sep 29 17:25 cities in romania -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 Sep 29 17:33 romania
Crearea fișierelor
student@uso:~$ ls cities ls: cannot access cities: No such file or directory student@uso:~$ touch cities student@uso:~$ ls cities cities
Crearea directoarelor
student@uso:~$ mkdir GameOfThrones student@uso:~$ mkdir Avengers student@uso:~$ ls -l total 8 drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 Sep 29 17:43 Avengers drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 Sep 29 17:43 GameOfThrones
Afișarea conținutului unui fișier
student@uso:~$ cat GameOfThrones/Arya A girl has no name
Ștergerea fișierelor
student@uso:~$ ls Avengers/ Captain America Hulk Iron Man Thor student@uso:~$ rm Avengers/Hulk student@uso:~$ ls Avengers/ Captain America Iron Man Thor
Ștergerea directoarelor
student@uso:~$ mkdir LordOfTheRings student@uso:~$ ls -l total 12 drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 Sep 29 18:02 Avengers drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 Sep 29 17:44 GameOfThrones drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 Sep 29 18:09 LordOfTheRings student@uso:~$ rmdir "LordOfTheRings" student@uso:~$ ls -l total 8 drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 Sep 29 18:02 Avengers drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 Sep 29 17:44 GameOfThrones
Redenumirea și mutarea fișierelor și directoarelor
student@uso:~$ ls GameOfThrones student@uso:~$ mv GameOfThrones ThroneOfGames student@uso:~$ ls ThroneOfGames
Copierea fișierelor și directoarelor
student@uso:~$ cp Avengers/Thor /tmp/ student@uso:~$ ls /tmp/ Thor ssh-ApUMKI3HSJ
Fișiere și directoare ascunse
student@uso:~$ ls -al total 8 drwxr-xr-x 5 student student 4096 Sep 29 18:41 . drwxr-xr-x 4 student student 4096 Sep 29 18:35 .. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 Sep 29 18:20 Avengers drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 Sep 29 17:44 GameOfThrones
student@uso:~/Avengers$ ls -l total 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 Sep 29 18:20 Captain America -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 Sep 29 18:20 Iron Man -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 Sep 29 18:20 Thor student@uso:~/Avengers$ touch .Hulk student@uso:~/Avengers$ ls -l total 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 Sep 29 18:20 Captain America -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 Sep 29 18:20 Iron Man -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 Sep 29 18:20 Thor student@uso:~/Avengers$ ls -al total 8 drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 Oct 6 16:44 . drwxr-xr-x 5 student student 4096 Sep 29 19:14 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 Oct 6 16:44 .Hulk -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 Sep 29 18:20 Captain America -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 Sep 29 18:20 Iron Man -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 Sep 29 18:20 Thor
Afișarea tipului de fișier
student@uso:~$ file Picture.abc Picture.abc: PNG image data, 742 x 320, 8-bit/color RGBA, non-interlaced student@uso:~$ file index.rst index.rst: ASCII text student@uso:~$ file archive.tar archive.tar: POSIX tar archive (GNU)
Legături (Links)
student@uso:~$ ln -s ~/ . student@uso:~$ ls -l total 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 student student 28 Oct 6 17:58 mkdir -> /home/student/
Execuția programelor
student@uso:~$ ./my_ls executie mkdir my_ls touch
