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--- uso:cursuri:curs-05 [2018/11/07 23:15]
mbarbulescu
+++ uso:cursuri:curs-05 [2022/10/31 22:54] (current)
sergiu.weisz
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ====== Curs 05 - Interfața în linia de comandă =======
-  * [[https://drive.google.com/open?id=13BjaEg6a-g2jLExEYaDZzbYHvpXIl9el|Slide-uri curs]]
+  * [[https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1Dk4gnDZd3TefbtyG3i4qSoO7YoXZOP5q/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=108131427433094834232&rtpof=true&sd=true|Slide-uri curs]]
   * **Cuvinte cheie**: interfață, GUI, CLI, prompt, comandă, argumente, command completion, istoric de comenzi, shell, terminal, documentare, libreadline, ''>'', ''<'', ''&'', ''|'', ''||'', ''&&'', '';'', ''%%"%%'', %%'%%, ''\'', ''$'', one liner, variabile, variabile de mediu, escaping, expandare, globbing
-  * [[http://elf.cs.pub.ro/uso/res/carte/uso_cap-07-cli.pdf|Capitolul 7 din carte: Interfața în linia de comandă]]
+  * **Suport de curs**
-  * **Suport de vechi**
+    * [[https://github.com/systems-cs-pub-ro/carte-uso/releases | Utilizarea sistemelor de operare]]
-    * [[http://books.google.com/books?id=_JFGzyRxQGcC | Introducere în sisteme de operare]]
+        * Secțiunea 7 - Interfata in linia de comanda
-      * [[http://books.google.com/books?id=_JFGzyRxQGcC&pg=PA36 | Capitolul 12 - Shell scripting]]
-        * Secțiunile 12.1, 12.2, 12.6, 12.75
-  * [[http://elf.cs.pub.ro/uso/res/carte/uso_cap-08-hw.pdf | Capitolul 8 Componente Hardware]]
-  * [[http://elf.cs.pub.ro/uso/res/carte/uso_cap-09-boot.pdf | Capitolul 9 Pornirea sistemului]]
-  * **Suport de vechi**
-    * [[http://books.google.com/books?id=_JFGzyRxQGcC | Introducere în sisteme de operare]]
-      * [[http://books.google.com/books?id=_JFGzyRxQGcC&pg=PA36 | Capitolul 12 - Shell scripting]]
-        * Secțiunile 12.1, 12.2, 12.6, 12.75
+<HTML>
+  <center>
+<iframe src="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/e/2PACX-1vSgCQrUZIoJoRMvmJZZzYrrPCpdW2Id2_Rjv0rec-IKsKx0tkpXc8jnPS5NLCSq1g/embed?start=false&loop=false&delayms=3000" frameborder="0" width="480" height="389" allowfullscreen="true" mozallowfullscreen="true" webkitallowfullscreen="true"></iframe>
+  </center>
+</HTML>
 /*
@@ Line 36: / Line 33: @@
 */
+===== Demo =====
+==== Variabila PATH ====
+Dacă rulați în terminal comanda:
+<code>echo $PATH</code>
+Veți vedea o listă de directoare de genul:
+<code>/home/student/.local/share/umake/bin:/home/student/.local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin:/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/bin:/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/db/bin:/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/bin</code>
+Dacă puneți un executabil în oricare din aceste directoare, nu mai este nevoie să setați calea către executabil și puteți să îl rulați direct ca o comandă, folosind numele executabilului.
+==== Globbing ====
+<code>
+student@myPc:~/USO/test$ ls
+endian.c  endian.o  hello  hello.c  Makefile  socket.c  struct.c  struct.o
+student@myPc:~/USO/test$ ls *.c
+endian.c  hello.c  socket.c  struct.c
+student@myPc:~/USO/test$ ls end?an.c
+endian.c
+student@myPc:~/USO/test$ ls [a-s]*.c
+endian.c  hello.c  socket.c  struct.c
+student@myPc:~/USO/test$ ls *.{c,o}
+endian.c  endian.o  hello.c  socket.c  struct.c  struct.o
+</code>
+Mai sus avem câteva exemple de rulare a comenzii ls impreună cu expresii regulate.
+Ce reprezintă fiecare operator?
+  * ***:** 0 sau mai multe caractere
+  * **+:** 1 sau mai multe caractere
+  * **?:** 0 sau 1 caracter
+  * **[a-s]:** orice literă de la "a" la "s"
+  * **[A-Za-z]:** orice literă, mică sau mare
+  * **{c,o}:** c sau o
+==== Escapări ====
+<code>
+student@myPc:~/USO/test$ ls -l
+total 0
+-rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 nov  8 17:41 'ana are mere.txt'
+-rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 nov  8 17:18  endian.c
+-rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 nov  8 17:18  endian.o
+-rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 nov  8 17:00  hello
+-rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 nov  8 17:00  hello.c
+-rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 nov  8 17:00  Makefile
+-rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 nov  8 17:01  socket.c
+-rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 nov  8 17:00  struct.c
+-rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 nov  8 17:01  struct.o
+student@myPc:~/USO/test$ ls ana are mere.txt
+ls: cannot access 'ana': No such file or directory
+ls: cannot access 'are': No such file or directory
+ls: cannot access 'mere.txt': No such file or directory
+student@myPc:~/USO/test$ la "ana are mere.txt"
+'ana are mere.txt'
+student@myPc:~/USO/test$ ls 'ana are mere.txt'
+'ana are mere.txt'
+student@myPc:~/USO/test$ ls ana\ are\ mere.txt
+'ana are mere.txt'
+</code>
+<code>
+student@myPc:~/USO/test$ echo "Hello World"
+Hello World
+student@myPc:~/USO/test$ echo Hello World
+Hello World
+student@myPc:~/USO/test$ echo "Hello \"World\""
+Hello "World"
+student@myPc:~/USO/test$ echo "Hello "World""
+Hello World
+</code>
+<code>
+student@myPc:~/USO/test$ echo \"
+"
+student@myPc:~/USO/test$ echo ""
+student@myPc:~/USO/test$ echo \"\"
+""
+</code>
+<note>Pentru ca un caracter special să fie utilizat ca un caracter obișnuit în bash, el trebuie să fie escapat.</note>
+==== Expandări ====
+<code>
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ touch $(seq -f "file-%02g.txt" 1 20)
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ touch file.txt
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ ls
+file-01.txt  file-04.txt  file-07.txt  file-10.txt  file-13.txt  file-16.txt  file-19.txt
+file-02.txt  file-05.txt  file-08.txt  file-11.txt  file-14.txt  file-17.txt  file-20.txt
+file-03.txt  file-06.txt  file-09.txt  file-12.txt  file-15.txt  file-18.txt  file.txt
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ rm -rf $(seq -f "file-%02g.txt" 1 20)
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ ls
+file.txt
+</code>
+<code>
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ a=6
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ echo a
+a
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ echo $a
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ echo $((a))
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ a++
+Command 'a++' not found, did you mean:
+  command 'a+' from deb aplus-fsf
+  command 'g++' from deb g++
+  command 'c++' from deb g++
+  command 'c++' from deb clang
+  command 'c++' from deb libc++-helpers
+  command 'c++' from deb pentium-builder
+  command 'ac++' from deb aspectc++
+  command 'ag++' from deb aspectc++
+Try: sudo apt install <deb name>
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ ((a++))
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ echo $a
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ b=$((a-4))
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ echo $b
+</code>
+==== cat și redirectarea ====
+<code>
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ echo Ana are mere > test.txt
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ cat test.txt
+Ana are mere
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ echo "Ana are mere 2" >> test.txt
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ cat test.txt
+Ana are mere
+Ana are mere 2
+</code>
+<code>
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ id student &> /dev/null && echo "da" || echo "nu"
+da
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ id student &> /dev/null && echo "da" || echo "nu"
+nu
+</code>
+==== tac, rev și nl ====
+<code>
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ echo "Ana are mere 2" >> test.txt
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ ls
+test.txt
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ tac test.txt
+Ana are mere 2
+Ana are mere
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ cat test.txt
+Ana are mere
+Ana are mere 2
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ rev test.txt
+erem era anA
+erem era anA
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ nl test.txt
+	Ana are mere
+	Ana are mere 2
+</code>
+<note>
+  * cat → afișeaza conținutul fișierului
+  * tac → afișeaza conținutul fișierului în ordinea inversă a liniilor
+  * rev → afișeaza liniile inversate (primul element de pe linie devine ultimul)
+  * nl → afișeaza numărul liniei
+</note>
+==== head și tail ====
+<code>
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ cat test.txt
+Ana are mere
+Ana are mere 2
+Ana are mere 3
+Maria are pere
+Ana are mere
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ cat test.txt | head -n 2
+Ana are mere
+Ana are mere 2
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ cat test.txt | tail -n 2
+Maria are pere
+Ana are mere
+</code>
+<note>
+  * head -n 2 → afișează primele 2 linii din fisier
+  * tail -n 2 → afișează ultimele 2 linii din fisier
+</note>
+==== sort, uniq și wc ====
+<code>
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ cat test.txt
+Ana are mere
+Ana are mere 2
+Ana are mere 3
+Maria are pere
+Ana are mere
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ sort test.txt
+Ana are mere
+Ana are mere
+Ana are mere 2
+Ana are mere 3
+Maria are pere
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ sort -r -n test.txt
+Maria are pere
+Ana are mere 3
+Ana are mere 2
+Ana are mere
+Ana are mere
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ wc test.txt
+17 71 test.txt
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ wc -c test.txt
+test.txt
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ wc -l test.txt
+test.txt
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ sort test.txt > test22.txt
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ cat test22.txt
+Ana are mere
+Ana are mere
+Ana are mere 2
+Ana are mere 3
+Maria are pere
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ uniq test22.txt
+Ana are mere
+Ana are mere 2
+Ana are mere 3
+Maria are pere
+</code>
+<note>
+  * sort → sortează intrările
+  * uniq → elimină duplicatele din fișier
+  * wc → numară elementele din fisier
+</note>
+==== cut și tr ====
+<code>student@myPc:~/USO/test$ ls -l
+total 4
+-rw-r--r-- 1 student student    0 nov  8 17:41 'ana are mere.txt'
+-rw-r--r-- 1 student student    0 nov  8 17:18  endian.c
+-rw-r--r-- 1 student student    0 nov  8 17:18  endian.o
+drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 nov  8 18:36  files
+-rw-r--r-- 1 student student    0 nov  8 17:00  hello
+-rw-r--r-- 1 student student    0 nov  8 17:00  hello.c
+-rw-r--r-- 1 student student    0 nov  8 17:00  Makefile
+-rw-r--r-- 1 student student    0 nov  8 17:01  socket.c
+-rw-r--r-- 1 student student    0 nov  8 17:00  struct.c
+-rw-r--r-- 1 student student    0 nov  8 17:01  struct.o
+student@myPc:~/USO/test$ ls -l | tr -d '.'
+total 4
+-rw-r--r-- 1 student student    0 nov  8 17:41 ana are meretxt
+-rw-r--r-- 1 student student    0 nov  8 17:18 endianc
+-rw-r--r-- 1 student student    0 nov  8 17:18 endiano
+drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 nov  8 18:36 files
+-rw-r--r-- 1 student student    0 nov  8 17:00 hello
+-rw-r--r-- 1 student student    0 nov  8 17:00 helloc
+-rw-r--r-- 1 student student    0 nov  8 17:00 Makefile
+-rw-r--r-- 1 student student    0 nov  8 17:01 socketc
+-rw-r--r-- 1 student student    0 nov  8 17:00 structc
+-rw-r--r-- 1 student student    0 nov  8 17:01 structo
+student@myPc:~/USO/test$ ls -l | tr -d ' '
+total4
+-rw-r--r--1studentstudent0nov817:41anaaremere.txt
+-rw-r--r--1studentstudent0nov817:18endian.c
+-rw-r--r--1studentstudent0nov817:18endian.o
+drwxr-xr-x2studentstudent4096nov818:36files
+-rw-r--r--1studentstudent0nov817:00hello
+-rw-r--r--1studentstudent0nov817:00hello.c
+-rw-r--r--1studentstudent0nov817:00Makefile
+-rw-r--r--1studentstudent0nov817:01socket.c
+-rw-r--r--1studentstudent0nov817:00struct.c
+-rw-r--r--1studentstudent0nov817:01struct.o
+student@myPc:~/USO/test$ ls -l | tr -d '-'
+total 4
+rwrr 1 student student    0 nov  8 17:41 ana are mere.txt
+rwrr 1 student student    0 nov  8 17:18 endian.c
+rwrr 1 student student    0 nov  8 17:18 endian.o
+drwxrxrx 2 student student 4096 nov  8 18:36 files
+rwrr 1 student student    0 nov  8 17:00 hello
+rwrr 1 student student    0 nov  8 17:00 hello.c
+rwrr 1 student student    0 nov  8 17:00 Makefile
+rwrr 1 student student    0 nov  8 17:01 socket.c
+rwrr 1 student student    0 nov  8 17:00 struct.c
+rwrr 1 student student    0 nov  8 17:01 struct.o
+</code>
+<code>student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ cat test.txt
+Ana are mere
+Ana are mere 2
+Ana are mere 3
+Maria are pere
+Ana are mere
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ cat test.txt | cut -d' ' -f1
+Ana
+Ana
+Ana
+Maria
+Ana
+student@myPc:~/USO/test/files$ cat test.txt | cut -d' ' -f1,3
+Ana mere
+Ana mere
+Ana mere
+Maria pere
+Ana mere
+</code>
+<note>
+  * tr → elimină caractere
+  * cut → afișeaza doar liniile pe care le dăm de la tastatură
+</note>

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uso/cursuri/curs-05.1541625358.txt.gz · Last modified: 2018/11/07 23:15 by mbarbulescu

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