Laborator 01 - Introducere

cod mașină

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) 
{
      printf("SO, ... hello world!\n");

      return 0;
}
so@spook$ ls
hello.c
so@spook$ gcc hello.c                                 
so@spook$ ls
a.out  hello.c
so@spook$ ./a.out
SO, ... hello world!
so@spook$ ls
hello.c
so@spook$ gcc hello.c -o hello                          
so@spook$ ls                      
hello  hello.c
so@spook$ ./hello
SO, ... hello world!
#if 0 
int do_evil_things(context_t *ctx)
{
         int go_drink;

         /* set student mode ON :) */

         ctx->go_drink = NO;
}
#endif
/*
int do_evil_things(context_t *ctx) 
{
         int go_drink;

         /* set student mode ON :) */

         ctx->go_drink = NO;    
}
  *
#ifndef _STRING_H
#define _STRING_H       1

__BEGIN_DECLS

/* Get size_t and NULL from <stddef.h>.  */
#define __need_size_t
#define __need_NULL

/*
  * string related defines 
  */

#endif /* string.h  */
#include <stdio.h>

#define show_var(a) printf("Variable %s has value %d\n", #a, a);

int main(void)
{
        int teh_var = 42;
        show_var(teh_var);
        return 0;
}

so@spook$ gcc -o show show.c
so@spook$ ls
show  show.c
so@spook$ ./show
Variable teh_var has value 42  
#define DEBUG      1

#ifdef DEBUG
 /* afisare mesaje debug */
#endif
#ifdef DEBUG
#define Dprintf(msg)  printf(msg)
#else
#define Dprintf(msg)                /* do nothing */
#endif
#ifdef DEBUG
#define Dprintf(msg,...)  printf(msg, __VA_ARGS__)
#else
#define Dprintf(msg,...)                /* do nothing */
#endif
#ifdef DEBUG
#define Dprintf(msg,...)  printf(msg, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#else
#define Dprintf(msg,...)               /* do nothing */
#endif
#ifdef DEBUG
#define Dprintf(msg,...) printf("[%s]:%d" msg, __FILE__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#else
#define Dprintf(msg,...)                /* do nothing */
#endif
so@spook$ ls
hello.c
so@spook$ gcc -S hello.c 
so@spook$ ls
hello.c  hello.s
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
  printf("SO, ... hello world!\n");

  return 0;  
}
    .file  "hello.c"
    .section        .rodata
.LC0:
    .string "SO, ... hello world!"
    .text
.globl main
    .type  main, @function
main:   
    pushl  %ebp
    movl   %esp, %ebp
    andl   $-16, %esp
    subl   $16, %esp
    movl   $.LC0, (%esp)
    call   puts
    movl   $0, %eax
    leave
    ret
    .size  main, .-main
    .ident "GCC: (Ubuntu 4.4.1-4ubuntu9) 4.4.1"
    .section      .note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits
so@spook$ ls
hello.c
so@spook$ gcc -c hello.c 
so@spook$ ls
hello.c  hello.o
 void f(void);

/*
  * no definition for f here
  */

 int main(void)
 {
        f();      
        return 0;
 }
 void f(void);

 void f(void)
 {
 }

 int main(void)
 {
         f();
         return 0;
 }
so@spook$ ls
sample.c
so@spook$ gcc -c -o sample sample.c
so@spook$ ls
sample.c sample.o
so@spook$ gcc -o sample sample.c
/tmp/ccOVreJg.o: In function `main':
sample.c:(.text+0x7): undefined reference to `f'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
so@spook$ ls
sample.c
so@spook$ gcc -c -o sample sample.c
so@spook$ ls
sample.c sample.o
so@spook$ gcc -o sample sample.c
so@spook$ ls
sample sample.c  sample.o
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
   int min = 10, max = 20, midpoint;

   /* midpoint = min+(max-min)/2; */
   midpoint = min + (max - min) >> 1;

   printf("The middle of interval
           [%d, %d] is %d\n", 
           min, max, midpoint);

   return 0;
}
so@spook$ ls
middle.c
so@spook$ gcc -o middle middle.c
so@spook$ ./middle 
Middle of interval [10, 20] is 10
so@spook$ gcc -Wall -o middle middle.c
middle.c: In function ‘main’:
middle.c:8: warning: suggest parentheses around ‘+’ inside ‘>>’
#include <stdio.h>
#include "util.h"

int main(void)
{
	 f1();
	 f2();
	 return 0;
}
#ifndef _UTIL_H
#define _UTIL_H   1

void f1 (void);
void f2 (void);

#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#include "util.h"

void f1(void)
{
   printf("Current file name is %s\n", __FILE__);

}
#include <stdio.h>
#include "util.h"

void f2(void)
{
   printf("Current line %d in file %s\n",
           __LINE__, __FILE__);
}
so@spook$ ls
f1.c  f2.c  main.c  util.h
so@spook$ gcc -Wall main.c f1.c f2.c -o main
so@spook$ ls
f1.c  f2.c  main  main.c  util.h
so@spook$ ./main 
Current file name f1.c
Current line 8 in file f2.c
so@spook$ ls
f1.c  f2.c  main.c  util.h
so@spook$ gcc -Wall -c  f1.c
so@spook$ gcc -Wall -c  f2.c
so@spook$ gcc -Wall -c  main.c
so@spook$ ls
f1.c  f1.o  f2.c  f2.o  main.c  main.o  util.h
so@spook$ gcc -o main main.o f1.o f2.o
so@spook$ ls
f1.c  f1.o  f2.c  f2.o  main  main.c  main.o  util.h
so@spook$ ./main 
Current file name f1.c
Current line 8 in file f2.c
so@spook$ ls -l /usr/lib/libm.*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 496218 2010-01-03 15:19 /usr/lib/libm.a
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     14 2010-01-14 12:17 /usr/lib/libm.so -> /lib/libm.so.6
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
   double x = 1000.0;
   printf("Cubic root for %g is %g\n", x, cbrt(x));
   return 0;
}

so@spook$ ls
cbrt.c
so@spook$ gcc -Wall -o cbrt cbrt.c
/tmp/ccwvm1zq.o: In function `main':
cbrt.c:(.text+0x1b): undefined reference to `cbrt'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
so@spook$ gcc -Wall -o cbrt -lm cbrt.c
so@spook$ ./cbrt 
Cubic root for 1000 is 10
so@spook$ gcc -Wall -c f1.c
so@spook$ gcc -Wall -c f2.c
so@spook$ ar rc libintro.a f1.o f2.o
so@spook$ gcc -Wall main.c -o main -lintro
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lintro
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
so@spook$ gcc -Wall main.c -o main -lintro -L.
so@spook$ ./main
Current file name is f1.c
Current line 5 in file f2.c
so@spook$ gcc -fPIC -c f1.c
so@spook$ gcc -fPIC -c f2.c
so@spook$ gcc -shared f1.o f2.o -o libintro_shared.so
so@spook$ gcc -Wall main.c -o main -lintro_shared -L.
so@spook$ ./main
./main: error while loading shared libraries: libintro_shared.so:
     cannot open shared object  file: No such file or directory
so@spook$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:.
so@spook$ ./main
Current file name is f1.c
Current line 5 in file f2.c
so@spook$ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:.  ./main
Fisierul curent este f1.c
Va aflati la linia 5 din fisierul f2.c
so@spook$ ./main
./main: error while loading shared libraries: libintro_shared.so:
     cannot open shared object  file: No such file or directory
all:
       gcc -Wall hello.c -o hello
clean:
       rm -f hello
so@spook$ make
gcc -Wall hello.c -o hello
so@spook$ ./hello
SO, ... hello world!
so@spook$ make clean
rm -f hello
so@spook$ make all
gcc -Wall hello.c -o hello
so@spook$ mv Makefile Makefile.ex1
so@spook$ make
make: *** No targets specified and no makefile found.  Stop.
so@spook$ make -f Makefile.ex1
gcc -Wall hello.c -o hello
so@spook$ make -f Makefile.ex1 clean
rm -f hello
all: hello

hello: hello.o
        gcc hello.o -o hello

hello.o: hello.c
        gcc -Wall -c hello.c

clean:
        rm -f *.o *~ hello
so@spook$ make -f Makefile.ex2
gcc -Wall -c hello.c
gcc hello.o -o hello
so@spook$ make -f Makefile.ex2
make: Nothing to be done for 'all'.
CC = gcc
CFLAGS = -Wall -g

all: hello

hello: hello.o
        $(CC) $^ -o $@

hello.o: hello.c
        $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $<

.PHONY: clean
clean:
        rm -f *.o *~ hello
main.o: main.c           
so@spook$ $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
CC = gcc
CFLAGS = -Wall -g

all: hello

hello: hello.o

hello.o: hello.c

.PHONY: clean

clean:
       rm -f *.o *~ hello
so@spook$ make -f Makefile.ex4
gcc -Wall -g   -c -o hello.o hello.c
gcc  hello.o   -o hello
CC = gcc
CFLAGS = -Wall -g

all: hello

hello: hello.o

.PHONY: clean

clean:
        rm -f *.o *~ hello
so@spook$ make -f Makefile.ex5
gcc -Wall -g   -c -o hello.o hello.c
gcc   hello.o   -o hello
so@spook$ls 
hello.c 
so@spook$ make hello
cc hello.c -o hello
CC = gcc                        # compilatorul folosit
CFLAGS = -Wall -g               # optiunile pentru compilare
LDLIBS = -lefence               # optiunile pentru linking

# creeaza executabilele client si server
all: client server

# leaga modulele client.o user.o sock.o in executabilul client
client: client.o user.o sock.o log.o

# leaga modulele server.o cli_handler.o sock.o in executabilul server
server: server.o cli_handler.o sock.o log.o

# compileaza fisierul client.c in modulul obiect client.o
client.o: client.c sock.h user.h log.h

# compileaza fisierul user.c in modulul obiect user.o
user.o: user.c user.h

# compileaza fisierul sock.c in modulul obiect sock.o
sock.o: sock.c sock.h

# compileaza fisierul server.c in modulul obiect server.o
server.o: server.c cli_handler.h sock.h log.h

# compileaza fisierul cli_handler.c in modulul obiect cli_handler.o
cli_handler.o: cli_handler.c cli_handler.h

# compileaza fisierul log.c in modulul obiect log.o
log.o: log.c log.h

.PHONY: clean

clean:
        rm -fr *~ *.o server client
so@spook$ make -f Makefile.ex6
gcc -Wall -g -c -o client.o client.c
gcc -Wall -g -c -o user.o user.c
gcc -Wall -g -c -o sock.o sock.c
gcc -Wall -g -c -o log.o log.c
gcc client.o user.o sock.o log.o -lefence -o client
gcc -Wall -g -c -o server.o server.c
gcc -Wall -g -c -o cli_handler.o cli_handler.c
gcc server.o cli_handler.o sock.o log.o -lefence -o server
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    printf("Hello, world!\n");
    return 0;
}
cl hello.c
$ cl /?    /* list of options for compiler */
$ link /?  /* list of options for linker */
cl /Fomyobj.obj /c mysrc.c
cl /Famyasm.asm /FA /c mysrc.c
>lib /out:<nume.lib> <lista fișiere obiecte>
# obținem fișierul obiect f1.obj din sursa f1.c
>cl /c f1.c
Microsoft (R) 32-bit C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 14.00.50727.42 for 80x86
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

f1.c

#obținem fișierul f2.obj din sursa f2.c
>cl /c f2.c
Microsoft (R) 32-bit C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 14.00.50727.42 for 80x86
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

f2.c

>cl /c main.c
Microsoft (R) 32-bit C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 14.00.50727.42 for 80x86
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

main.c

#obținem biblioteca statică intro.lib din f1.obj și f2.obj
>lib /out:intro.lib f1.obj f2.obj
Microsoft (R) Library Manager Version 8.00.50727.42
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

#intro.lib este compilat împreună cu main.obj pentru a obține main.exe
>cl main.obj intro.lib
Microsoft (R) 32-bit C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 14.00.50727.42 for 80x86
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

/out:main.exe
main.obj
intro.lib
#include <stdio.h>

#include "funs.h"

#define DLL_IMPORTS

int main(void)
{
	 f1();
	 f2();

	 return 0;
}
#ifndef FUNS_H
#define FUNS_H   1

#ifdef DLL_IMPORTS
#define DLL_DECLSPEC __declspec(dllimport)
#else
#define DLL_DECLSPEC __declspec(dllexport)
#endif

DLL_DECLSPEC void f1 (void);
DLL_DECLSPEC void f2 (void);

#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#include "funs.h"

void f1(void)
{
   printf("Current file name is %s\n", __FILE__);

}
#include <stdio.h>
#include "funs.h"

void f2(void)
{
   printf("Current line %d in file %s\n",
           __LINE__, __FILE__);
}
>cl /LD f1.obj f2.obj
Microsoft (R) 32-bit C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 14.00.50727.42 for 80x86
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

/out:f1.dll
/dll
/implib:f1.lib
f1.obj
f2.obj
   Creating library f1.lib and object f1.exp

>cl main.obj f1.lib
Microsoft (R) 32-bit C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 14.00.50727.42 for 80x86
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

/out:main.exe
main.obj
f1.lib
>link /nologo /dll /out:intro.dll /implib:intro.lib f1.obj f2.obj
  Creating library intro.lib and object intro.exp

>link /nologo /out:main.exe main.obj intro.lib

>main.exe
Current file name is f1.c
Current line 6 in file f2.c
OBJ_LIST = parser.tab.obj parser.yy.obj
CFLAGS   = /nologo /W4 /EHsc /Za

EXE_NAMES = CUseParser.exe UseParser.exe DisplayStructure.exe

all : $(EXE_NAMES)

CUseParser.exe : CUseParser.obj $(OBJ_LIST)
  $(CPP) $(CFLAGS) /Fe$@ $**

UseParser.exe : UseParser.obj $(OBJ_LIST)
  $(CPP) $(CFLAGS) /Fe$@ $**

DisplayStructure.exe : DisplayStructure.obj $(OBJ_LIST)
  $(CPP) $(CFLAGS) /Fe$@ $**

clean : exe_clean obj_clean

obj_clean :
  del *.obj

exe_clean :
  del $(EXE_NAMES)
wget http://ocw.cs.pub.ro/courses/_media/so/laboratoare/resurse/so_win.sh
chmod u+x so_win.sh
sudo ./so_win.sh
win\VS Tutorial\Debug>"Hello World.exe"
> cl hello.c 
> .\hello.exe 
> cl /Fehello_win hello.c 
> .\hello_win.exe 
> nmake 
> .\hello.exe 
cl /?
wget http://ocw.cs.pub.ro/courses/_media/so/laboratoare/resurse/so_lin.sh
chmod u+x so_lin.sh
sudo ./so_lin.sh
$ gcc hello.c 
$ ./a.out 
$ gcc -o hello hello.c 
$ ./hello 

Macro	Semnificație
$@	numele țintei curente
$*	numele țintei curente mai puțin extensia
$**	toate dependențele unei ținte
$?	toate dependențele mai vechi decât ținta

Laborator 01 - Introducere

Scop

Cuvinte cheie

Materiale ajutătoare

Nice to read

Desfășurarea laboratorului

Suport de laborator

Prezentare

Linux

GCC

Utilizare GCC

Fazele compilării

Opţiuni

Preprocesarea

Depanarea folosind directive de preprocesare

Compilarea

Asamblarea

Editarea de legături

Activarea avertismentelor

Opțiuni utile

Compilarea din mai multe fișiere

Biblioteci în Linux

Crearea unei biblioteci statice

Crearea unei biblioteci partajate

GNU Make

Exemplu simplu de Makefile

Sintaxa unei reguli

Funcționarea unui fișier Makefile

Folosirea variabilelor

Folosirea regulilor implicite

Depanarea programelor

Windows

Compilatorul Microsoft cl.exe

Biblioteci în Windows

Crearea unor biblioteci statice

Crearea unor biblioteci partajate

Nmake

Exerciții

Windows

Linux

BONUS

EXTRA

Soluții

Resurse utile

Informații generale SO

Informații SO 2021-2022

Laboratoare

Curs

Teme

Table of Contents