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pm:prj2026:jan.vaduva:bogdan.ciupitu [2026/05/15 14:13] bogdan.ciupitu |
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| ===== Introduction ===== | ===== Introduction ===== | ||
| - | **Dual-Controller OLED Tic-Tac-Toe** is a portable handheld gaming device specifically designed for two players. This project brings the classic game of Tic-Tac-Toe to a custom electronic platform built around an Arduino Uno board. | + | **Dual-Controller OLED Tic-Tac-Toe** is a portable handheld gaming device specifically designed for two players or player versus bot. This project brings the classic game of Tic-Tac-Toe to a custom electronic platform built around an Arduino Uno board. |
| **Project Goals:** | **Project Goals:** | ||
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| ==== Development Environment ==== | ==== Development Environment ==== | ||
| - | Arduino IDE 2.3.x: Used for coding, compiling, and flashing the firmware onto the ATmega328P microcontroller. | + | **Arduino IDE 2.3.x**: Used for coding, compiling, and flashing the firmware onto the ATmega328P microcontroller. |
| Serial Monitor: Utilized during the debugging phase to calibrate joystick thresholds and I2C address discovery. | Serial Monitor: Utilized during the debugging phase to calibrate joystick thresholds and I2C address discovery. | ||
| ==== 3rd-party Libraries ==== | ==== 3rd-party Libraries ==== | ||
| - | Adafruit_SSD1306: Essential for handling the display buffer and I2C communication protocol for the SSD1306 OLED. | + | **Adafruit_SSD1306**: Essential for handling the display buffer and I2C communication protocol for the SSD1306 OLED. |
| - | Adafruit_GFX: Provides the graphics core for rendering lines, circles, and text characters. | + | |
| - | Wire.h: The standard Arduino I2C library used for data transmission between the MCU and the display. | + | **Adafruit_GFX**: Provides the graphics core for rendering lines, circles, and text characters. |
| + | |||
| + | **Wire.h**: The standard Arduino I2C library used for data transmission between the MCU and the display. | ||
| ==== Algorithms and Data Structures ==== | ==== Algorithms and Data Structures ==== | ||
| - | 2D Array Representation: The game board is stored in a int board[3][3] matrix, where $0$ is empty, $1$ is 'X', and $2$ is 'O'.Threshold Detection Algorithm: Analog joystick values ($0-1023$) are processed using a hysteresis-like logic ($<300$ and $>700$) to prevent "ghost" movements.Win-Check Algorithm: A deterministic function that scans 8 possible vectors (3 rows, 3 columns, 2 diagonals) for identical non-zero values.Randomized AI Logic: A pseudo-random selection algorithm that identifies available indices in the board matrix to perform automated moves.==== Implemented Functions ====setup(): Initializes I2C communication, sets pin modes for joysticks, and seeds the random generator using noise from an open analog pin (A5).drawMenu(): Handles the UI for mode selection (Single Player vs Multiplayer) and processes Joystick 1 input for navigation.tttGameLoop(): The core engine that manages turns, calls the input mapping functions, and updates the game state.botMove(): Implements the automated opponent logic with an artificial delay to simulate human-like interaction.checkWin() & checkDraw(): Logic functions that return boolean values to trigger the end-of-game state.drawTTTGrid(): A dedicated rendering function that draws the board lines and iterates through the matrix to display X and O symbols.playVictorySound() / playDrawSound(): PWM-based functions that use the tone() command to provide audio feedback through the buzzer. | ||
| + | **2D Array Representation**: The game board is stored in a int board[3][3] matrix, where $0$ is empty, $1$ is 'X', and $2$ is 'O'. | ||
| - | ===== Results ===== | + | **Threshold Detection Algorithm**: Analog joystick values ($0-1023$) are processed using a hysteresis-like logic ($<300$ and $>700$) to prevent "ghost" movements. |
| + | **Win-Check Algorithm**: A deterministic function that scans 8 possible vectors (3 rows, 3 columns, 2 diagonals) for identical non-zero values. | ||
| + | **Randomized AI Logic**: A pseudo-random selection algorithm that identifies available indices in the board matrix to perform automated moves. | ||
| - | ===== Conclusions ===== | + | ==== Implemented Functions ==== |
| + | **setup()**: Initializes I2C communication, sets pin modes for joysticks, and seeds the random generator using noise from an open analog pin (A5). | ||
| + | **drawMenu()**: Handles the UI for mode selection (Single Player vs Multiplayer) and processes Joystick 1 input for navigation. | ||
| + | **tttGameLoop()**: The core engine that manages turns, calls the input mapping functions, and updates the game state. | ||
| - | ===== Source Code ===== | + | **botMove()**: Implements the automated opponent logic with an artificial delay to simulate human-like interaction. |
| + | **checkWin()** & **checkDraw()**: Logic functions that return boolean values to trigger the end-of-game state. | ||
| + | **drawTTTGrid()**: A dedicated rendering function that draws the board lines and iterates through the matrix to display X and O symbols. | ||
| + | **playVictorySound()** / **playDrawSound()**: PWM-based functions that use the tone() command to provide audio feedback through the buzzer. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Results ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | The project resulted in a fully functional handheld console. The system successfully handles real-time input from two controllers without latency. The OLED display provides a clear interface, and the integrated Bot offers a challenging solo experience. The memory optimizations (using the F() macro) ensured the system remains stable during long play sessions. | ||
| + | ===== Conclusions ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | //todo// | ||
| + | ===== Source Code ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | //todo// | ||
| ===== Bibliography/Resources ===== | ===== Bibliography/Resources ===== | ||
| + | ==== Software Resources ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Adafruit GFX Library Documentation https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/downloads/pdf/adafruit-gfx-graphics-library.pdf | ||
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| + | Adafruit SSD1306 Library https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_SSD1306 | ||
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| + | Arduino Reference - Tone Function https://docs.arduino.cc/language-reference/en/functions/advanced-io/tone/ | ||
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| + | Arduino Reference - RandomSeed https://docs.arduino.cc/language-reference/en/functions/random-numbers/randomSeed/ | ||
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| + | Memory Optimization (F macro) https://docs.arduino.cc/language-reference/en/variables/utilities/PROGMEM/ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Hardware Resources ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Atmel ATmega328P Datasheet https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/Atmel-7810-Automotive-Microcontrollers-ATmega328P_Datasheet.pdf | ||
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| + | SSD1306 OLED Controller Datasheet https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/datasheets/SSD1306.pdf | ||
| + | |||
| + | Joystick Module (KY-023) Guide https://arduinomodules.info/ky-023-joystick-dual-axis-module/ | ||
