Smart Access Control System
Introduction
The project builds an electronic lock system. It manages access to a secure container using a digital interface. The project uses an Arduino Nano to process user inputs and control a DC motor mechanism.
Function: It reads button presses and compares the sequence to a stored code. Goal: Create a compact, electronic alternative to physical padlocks. Idea: The concept originated from observing analog security boxes. Digital systems offer more flexibility. Utility: This system secures personal items in lockers or small safes. It teaches users about voltage dividers and motor control.
General Description
The system consists of four primary modules. The user interacts with the input module. The processing module evaluates data. The feedback and actuation modules execute the final response.Input Module: Two buttons connected to one analog pin. They use a voltage divider to send different signals.Processing Module: An Arduino Nano. It monitors voltage levels and runs the logic.Feedback Module: An I2C LCD screen and a buzzer. These provide visual and audio status updates.Actuation Module: A DRV8833 driver and an N20 motor. This hardware moves the locking bolt.
Hardware Design
The design focuses on efficiency. It uses a single analog pin for multiple buttons to save resources.Parts List:Arduino Nano (ATmega328P)I2C LCD 1602 DisplayDRV8833 Dual Motor DriverN20 DC Gear MotorPassive Buzzer10k $\Omega$ Resistor2.2k $\Omega$ ResistorBreadboard and jumper wires9V Battery or 6V battery packElectrical Schematic Logic:The buttons use a voltage divider. The output voltage $V_{out}$ depends on which button connects to the circuit.$$V_{out} = V_{in} \cdot \frac{R_{pulldown}}{R_{series} + R_{pulldown}}$$
Software Design
The firmware handles real-time input monitoring. It uses the PlatformIO development environment. Libraries: LiquidCrystal_I2C.h for display and Wire.h for communication. Algorithm: The code performs a loop to check the analog value of pin A0.
Value ~1023: No button pressed. Value ~0: Button 1 pressed. Value ~184: Button 2 pressed.
Logic: Successful code entry triggers a high signal to the DRV8833. The motor runs for 2000 milliseconds.
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