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--- pm:prj2026:bianca.popa1106:mihnea_andrei.cazan [2026/05/10 00:06]
mihnea_andrei.cazan [Hardware Design]
+++ pm:prj2026:bianca.popa1106:mihnea_andrei.cazan [2026/05/10 00:10] (current)
mihnea_andrei.cazan [Descriere generală]
@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
   * **The idea** originated from the desire to recreate the experience of 80s/90s arcade games on a minimal hardware platform, demonstrating how limited memory resources (32KB Flash, 2KB RAM) can provide a complete interactive experience.
   * **This project is highly useful** from an educational standpoint, as it deepens the understanding of fundamental concepts (I2C communication protocols, ADCs, Timers, PWM, and Hardware Interrupts), while also resulting in a functional and entertaining gadget.
-===== Descriere generală =====
+===== General Description =====
 The console is structured into three main blocks: input, processing, and output.
@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 {{ :pm:prj2026:bianca.popa1106:project_block_diagram.png?700x500 |}}
 ===== Hardware Design =====
-Lista componentelor folosite pentru proiect (BOM - Bill of Materials):
+List of components used for the project (Bill of Materials):
   * **ATmega328P Xplained Mini** Development Board (8-bit AVR Microcontroller)
   * **0.96" OLED Display** (SSD1306 Controller, I2C Interface, 128x64 resolution)
-  * **Biaxial Analog Joystick Module** (KY-023 type) cu buton de push integrat (SW)
+  * **Biaxial Analog Joystick Module** (KY-023 type) with integrated push button (SW)
-  * **Passive Buzzer 3.3V** (pentru generarea de efecte sonore)
+  * **Passive Buzzer 3.3V** (for generating sound effects)
-  * **5mm RGB LED** (Common Cathode, pentru indicarea stării consolei)
+  * **5mm RGB LED** (Common Cathode, for visual state indication)
-  * **2 x Tact Switch Buttons 6x6mm** (Pentru funcțiile START și PAUSE)
+  * **2 x Tact Switch Buttons 6x6mm** (For START and PAUSE functions)
-  * **4 x 220Ω Resistors** (3 pentru limitarea curentului pe LED-ul RGB, 1 pentru protecția buzzer-ului)
+  * **4 x 220Ω Resistors** (3 for RGB LED current limiting, 1 for buzzer protection)
-  * **830 Tie-Points Breadboard** (pentru asamblare fără lipire)
+  * **830 Tie-Points Breadboard** (for solderless assembly)
-  * **Dupont Wire Set** (Tată-Tată și Mamă-Tată)
+  * **Dupont Wire Set** (Male-to-Male and Female-to-Male)
+**Electrical Scheme:**
-**Schema Electrică:**
+{{:pm:prj2026:bianca.popa1106:mihnea-andrei_cazan_schema_electrica.png?700x500 | Mini Console Electrical Schematic}}
-{{:pm:prj2026:bianca.popa1106:mihnea-andrei_cazan_schema_electrica.png?700x500 | Schema electrică a consolei}}
+==== Connection Table ====
-==== Tabel de Conexiuni ====
+^ Component ^ Component Pin ^ ATmega328P Pin ^ Details / Functionality ^
+| **RGB LED** | Red Anode | PD6 (D6) | PWM controlled (Timer0 OC0A) |
+| ::: | Green Anode | PD5 (D5) | PWM controlled (Timer0 OC0B) |
+| ::: | Blue Anode | PB3 (D11) | PWM controlled (Timer2 OC2A) |
+| ::: | Cathode | GND | Common Ground |
+| **Joystick** | VRx | PC0 (ADC0) | Analog read (X-axis) |
+| ::: | VRy | PC1 (ADC1) | Analog read (Y-axis) |
+| ::: | SW | PD2 (D2) | Hardware Interrupt (INT0, Internal Pull-up) |
+| ::: | VCC | 5V | Power Supply |
+| ::: | GND | GND | Ground |
+| **OLED Display**| SDA | PC4 (A4) | I2C Data line (TWI) |
+| ::: | SCL / SCK | PC5 (A5) | I2C Clock line (Fast Mode 400kHz) |
+| ::: | VCC | 5V | Power Supply |
+| ::: | GND | GND | Ground |
+| **Buzzer** | Pin (+) | PB1 (D9) | Through 220Ω resistor (Timer1 OC1A) |
+| ::: | Pin (-) | GND | Ground |
+| **Buttons** | START | PD3 (D3) | Hardware Interrupt (INT1, Internal Pull-up) |
+| ::: | PAUSE | PB0 (D8) | Pin Change Int (PCINT0, Internal Pull-up) |
-^ Componentă ^ Pin Componentă ^ Pin ATmega328P ^ Detalii / Funcționalitate ^
+==== Communication Protocols and Hardware Peripherals ====
-| **LED RGB** | Anod Roșu | PD6 (D6) | PWM (Timer0 OC0A) |
-| ::: | Anod Verde | PD5 (D5) | PWM (Timer0 OC0B) |
-| ::: | Anod Albastru | PB3 (D11) | PWM (Timer2 OC2A) |
-| ::: | Catod | GND | Masă comună |
-| **Joystick** | VRx | PC0 (ADC0) | Citire analogică (axa X) |
-| ::: | VRy | PC1 (ADC1) | Citire analogică (axa Y) |
-| ::: | SW | PD2 (D2) | Întrerupere (INT0, Pull-up intern activat) |
-| ::: | VCC | 5V | Alimentare |
-| ::: | GND | GND | Masă |
-| **OLED Display**| SDA | PC4 (A4) | Date I2C (TWI) |
-| ::: | SCL / SCK | PC5 (A5) | Clock I2C (Fast Mode 400kHz) |
-| ::: | VCC | 5V | Alimentare |
-| ::: | GND | GND | Masă |
-| **Buzzer** | Pin (+) | PB1 (D9) | Trecut prin rezistență 220Ω (Timer1 OC1A) |
-| ::: | Pin (-) | GND | Masă |
-| **Butoane** | START | PD3 (D3) | Întrerupere (INT1, Pull-up intern activat) |
-| ::: | PAUSE | PB0 (D8) | Pin Change Int (PCINT0, Pull-up intern activat) |
-==== Protocoale de Comunicație și Periferice Hardware ====
+To seamlessly manage the display, analog input, and visual/audio effects concurrently without blocking the main loop, the system heavily utilizes the microcontroller's hardware peripherals:
+  * **I2C (TWI):** Enabled on pins PC4/PC5. Configured in **Fast Mode (400 kHz)** to ensure rapid transfer of the frame buffer to the OLED display (maintaining ~30 FPS).
+  * **ADC:** ADC0 and ADC1 channels are used for smooth joystick reading, utilizing a 128 prescaler for signal stability.
+  * **PWM Signals:** Timers 0 and 2 generate hardware PWM signals on 3 independent pins to finely control the brightness and color mixing of the RGB LED.
+  * **Timer1 (CTC Mode):** Generates precise hardware frequencies for musical notes sent to the buzzer, offloading the CPU from using blocking delay functions.
-Pentru a gestiona simultan display-ul, input-ul analogic și efectele vizuale/sonore fără să se blocheze, sistemul folosește intens perifericele hardware ale microcontroller-ului:
-  * **I2C (TWI):** Activat pe pinii PC4/PC5. Este configurat în **Fast Mode (400 kHz)** pentru a asigura transferul rapid al frame-buffer-ului către display-ul OLED (menținând ~30 FPS).
-  * **ADC:** Canalele ADC0 și ADC1 sunt folosite pentru citirea fluidă a joystick-ului, utilizând un prescaler de 128 pentru stabilitate.
-  * **Semnale PWM:** Timerele 0 și 2 generează semnale PWM hardware pe 3 pini independenți pentru a controla intensitatea și mixarea culorilor pe LED-ul RGB.
-  * **Timer1 (CTC Mode):** Generare de frecvențe hardware precise pentru notele muzicale transmise către buzzer, degrevând procesorul de folosirea funcțiilor blocante de tip delay.
 ===== Software Design =====