Show page

Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- pm:prj2026:bianca.popa1106:andreea.peiu [2026/05/09 20:41]
andreea.peiu [Github Repository]
+++ pm:prj2026:bianca.popa1106:andreea.peiu [2026/05/25 13:17] (current)
andreea.peiu [Github Repository]
@@ Line 161: / Line 161: @@
 | Jumper Wires / Connectors | Electrical connections | ~20 |
 | Resistors | Current limiting and pull-up resistors | Multiple |
-===== Software Design =====
-==== Development Environment ====
+====== Software Design ======
+===== Development Environment =====
+The firmware was developed using:
   * Arduino IDE
-  * Language: C/C++
+  * Programming Language: C/C++
-  * Platform: Arduino Uno
+  * Target Platform: Arduino Nano (ATmega328P)
+The software architecture is based on a finite state machine (FSM) implementation that manages all transitions between authentication, barrier control, and user detection states.
+===== External Libraries Used =====
+The following third-party libraries were integrated into the project firmware:
+^ Library ^ Purpose ^
+| Wire.h | I2C communication support |
+| LiquidCrystal_I2C.h | LCD 16×2 display control |
+| Keypad.h | 4×4 keypad scanning and input processing |
+| Servo.h | Servo motor PWM control |
+These libraries simplify peripheral integration and allow modular firmware development.
+===== Software Architecture =====
+The application firmware is divided into multiple logical modules responsible for different hardware subsystems and control mechanisms.
+===== Finite State Machine (FSM) =====
+The entire system behavior is controlled using a finite state machine.
+Implemented states:
+^ State ^ Description ^
+| ST_IDLE | Waiting for user detection |
+| WAIT_FOR_CONFIRM | User PIN input state |
+| OPENING | Barrier opening and conveyor activation |
+| WAIT_FOR_PASS | Waiting for user passage |
+| CLOSING | Barrier closing and conveyor stop |
+| EROARE | Error and timeout handling |
+The FSM implementation provides:
+  * modular control flow;
+  * predictable state transitions;
+  * easier debugging and testing;
+  * scalable architecture for future extensions.
+===== Authentication Module =====
+The authentication subsystem is responsible for:
+  * keypad scanning;
+  * PIN storage;
+  * PIN validation;
+  * timeout protection.
+Main features:
+  * supports numeric PIN entry;
+  * supports character deletion using '*';
+  * PIN confirmation using '#';
+  * automatic timeout reset after inactivity.
+The authentication logic compares the entered PIN with a predefined secret code stored in firmware.
+===== Sensor Monitoring Module =====
+Two IR proximity sensors are continuously monitored:
+^ Sensor ^ Purpose ^
+| Front IR Sensor | Detects user arrival |
+| Rear IR Sensor | Detects successful passage |
+The sensors are read using analog inputs and calibrated automatically during system startup.
+Calibration process:
+  * the firmware samples sensor values multiple times;
+  * computes average environmental baseline;
+  * dynamically generates detection thresholds.
+This improves detection reliability and reduces false triggering.
+===== Barrier Control Module =====
+The physical barrier is controlled using an SG90 servo motor.
+The firmware implements:
+  * smooth opening movement;
+  * smooth closing movement;
+  * gradual angle transitions using incremental PWM updates.
+Servo positions:
+  * 0° → barrier closed;
+  * 90° → barrier opened.
+Movement timing is controlled through software delays to obtain smooth mechanical motion.
+===== Conveyor Belt Control Module =====
+The conveyor mechanism is controlled through an H-Bridge driver.
+Implemented operations:
+  * conveyor start;
+  * conveyor stop;
+  * motor direction control.
+The conveyor starts only after successful authentication and stops automatically after user passage confirmation.
+===== LCD Feedback System =====
+A 16×2 I2C LCD module is used to provide real-time user feedback.
-==== External Libraries Used ====
+Displayed messages include:
+  * system initialization;
+  * PIN request;
+  * access granted;
+  * access denied;
+  * timeout warnings;
+  * error states;
+  * conveyor and barrier status.
-  * Servo.h
+The LCD interface improves usability and debugging visibility.
-  * Keypad.h
-  * LiquidCrystal_I2C.h
-  * Wire.h
-==== Code Components ====
+===== LED Signaling System =====
-The software is divided into several logical modules:
+Two LEDs are used for visual feedback:
-=== State Machine Logic ===
+^ LED ^ Meaning ^
+| Green LED | Access granted / active system |
+| Red LED | Access denied / error state |
-Handles all transitions between system states:
+Implemented behavior:
-  * IDLE
+  * both LEDs active in standby mode;
-  * WAIT_FOR_CONFIRM
+  * both LEDs off during authentication;
-  * OPENING
+  * green LED active after successful authentication;
-  * WAIT_FOR_PASS
+  * red LED active after invalid PIN;
-  * CLOSING
+  * red LED blinking during error state.
-  * ERROR
-=== Authentication Module ===
+===== Timing and Timeout Management =====
-  * Reads keypad input
+The firmware uses non-blocking timing based on the millis() function.
-  * Stores typed digits
-  * Validates entered PIN
-  * Handles timeout conditions
-=== Barrier Control Module ===
+Implemented protections:
+  * PIN input timeout;
+  * passage timeout;
+  * automatic recovery after inactivity.
-  * Controls servo position using PWM
+Advantages:
-  * Opens and closes the barrier
+  * responsive behavior;
-  * Ensures smooth transitions
+  * reduced blocking delays;
+  * stable event processing.
-=== Sensor Monitoring Module ===
+===== Implemented Functions =====
-  * Continuously checks both proximity sensors
+==== State Management ====
-  * Detects user arrival and passage
-  * Triggers FSM state transitions
-=== LCD Feedback System ===
+^ Function ^ Purpose ^
+| tranzitie() | Handles FSM transitions |
-Displays:
+==== Sensor Functions ====
-  * current state
-  * authentication messages
-  * error messages
-  * timeout notifications
-=== Audio & Visual Feedback ===
+^ Function ^ Purpose ^
+| irFata() | Detects approaching user |
+| irSpate() | Detects completed passage |
-  * Green LED → access granted
+==== Barrier Functions ====
-  * Red LED → access denied
-  * Buzzer → acoustic notifications
-==== Implementation Details ====
+^ Function ^ Purpose ^
+| servoMisca() | Smooth servo movement control |
-The project integrates concepts from multiple laboratory sessions:
+==== Conveyor Functions ====
-=== Lab 0 – GPIO ===
+^ Function ^ Purpose ^
+| bandaPorneste() | Starts conveyor motor |
+| bandaOpreste() | Stops conveyor motor |
-Used for:
+==== LCD Functions ====
-  * LEDs
-  * buzzer
-  * keypad communication
-  * sensor reading
-=== Lab 2 – Interrupts ===
+^ Function ^ Purpose ^
+| lcdAfis() | Updates LCD display messages |
-Interrupts are used for:
+===== Implemented Embedded Concepts =====
-  * fast event detection
-  * responsive system behavior
-=== Lab 3 – Timers & PWM ===
+The project integrates concepts from multiple Embedded Systems laboratory sessions:
-Used for:
+^ Laboratory ^ Concepts Used ^
-  * servo motor PWM control
+| GPIO | LEDs, keypad, sensors |
-  * authentication timeout
+| Timers & PWM | Servo motor control |
-  * automatic barrier closing
+| ADC | IR sensor analog reading |
+| I2C | LCD communication |
+| FSM Design | System control logic |
-=== Lab 4 – ADC ===
+===== Software Optimizations =====
-Used for:
+Several optimizations were implemented:
-  * reading potentiometer values
-  * dynamic timing adjustment
-=== Lab 6 – I2C ===
+  * modular firmware structure;
+  * state-based architecture;
+  * automatic sensor calibration;
+  * non-blocking timeout management;
+  * smooth servo movement;
+  * reduced LCD refresh flickering;
+  * stable sensor polling.
-Used for:
+===== System Workflow =====
-  * LCD communication
-  * real-time status display
-==== Optimizations ====
+  - System waits in ST_IDLE.
+  - Front sensor detects user presence.
+  - User enters authentication PIN.
+  - If PIN is correct:
+    * barrier opens;
+    * conveyor belt starts;
+    * green LED activates.
+  - Rear sensor confirms passage.
+  - Conveyor stops.
+  - Barrier closes.
+  - System returns to idle state.
-  * Non-blocking timing using millis()
+In case of:
-  * Event-driven FSM implementation
+  * invalid PIN;
-  * Reduced LCD refresh to minimize flicker
+  * timeout;
-  * Stable sensor polling to avoid false triggers
+  * missing passage confirmation;
+the firmware transitions into an error handling state and safely resets the system.
 ===== Results =====
@@ Line 281: / Line 399: @@
 ==== Github Repository ====
-[[https://github.com/]]
+[[https://github.com/andreeapeiu/Smart-Barrier-Access-System.git]]
 ==== Demo Video ====
-[[https://youtube.com/]]
+[[https://youtube.com/shorts/fw3LWh_MJx0?is=S9cDCzvet7fm1EIm]]
 ==== Project Images ====