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Fire Detection and Suppression System
Introduction
The project consists of the development of an active protection mechatronic system based on the ATmega324PB microcontroller. The system utilizes a periodic scanning algorithm to monitor a 180° sector, processing analog signals from an optical sensor to identify the infrared signature of a flame.
General Description
The proposed system offers diverse applicability, primarily targeted at monitoring industrial environments with a high fire risk, where a rapid reaction is critical to limit damages before high-capacity sprinkler systems are activated. Due to the architecture of the ATmega324PB microcontroller, which provides dual USART, SPI, and TWI interfaces, the device can be easily integrated into redundant security systems, functioning as an independent node within a larger sensor network. From a technical and educational perspective, the project serves as an ideal case study for deepening the understanding of closed-loop control systems and managing hardware interrupts in real-time.
Hardware Design
Components
| Component | Type / Model | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Microcontroller | ATmega324PB Xplained Mini | Central Processing Unit (CPU); manages ADC and PWM signals. |
| Flame Sensor | Optical IR Sensor (Analog) | Detects infrared radiation emitted by a flame. |
| Servo Motor 1 | SG90 / MG90 | Rotates the scanning assembly on the horizontal axis (180°). |
| Servo Motor 2 | SG90 / MG90 | Controls the vertical orientation of the extinguishing nozzle. |
| Mini Water Pump | 3V - 6V DC | Delivers the extinguishing agent toward the fire. |
| Relay Module | 5V Optocoupled | Switches the pump on/off and isolates the power circuit from the MCU. |
| Power Supply | 5V / 2A (External) | Provides the necessary current for the motors and the pump. |
| Connectivity | Breadboard & Jumpers | Used for making electrical connections between modules. |
