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--- pm:prj2025:vstoica:octavian.petrea [2025/05/12 22:12]
octavian.petrea [Hardware Design]
+++ pm:prj2025:vstoica:octavian.petrea [2025/05/30 03:05] (current)
octavian.petrea [Bibliography]
@@ Line 53: / Line 53: @@
 ===== Hardware Design =====
-The list of components:
+| Component                     | Quantity | Arduino Pin Connections                                                       | Description / Role                          |
+|------------------------------|----------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|
+| **Arduino Uno**              | 1        | –                                                                              | Central microcontroller                     |
+| **RFID-RC522**               | 1        | VCC→3.3 V, GND→GND, SDA→D10, SCK→D13, MOSI→D11, MISO→D12, RST→D9               | Reads RFID card UID via SPI                 |
+| **SG90 Servo Motor**         | 1        | VCC→5 V, GND→GND, Signal→D3                                                   | Rotates to simulate locking/unlocking       |
+| **16×2 LCD w/ I²C Backpack** | 1        | VCC→5 V, GND→GND, SDA→A4, SCL→A5                                              | Displays access status messages             |
+| **Green LED**                | 1        | Anode→D6 (via 220 Ω), Cathode→GND                                             | Indicates "Access Granted"                  |
+| **Red LED**                  | 1        | Anode→D7 (via 220 Ω), Cathode→GND                                             | Indicates "Access Denied"                   |
+| **220 Ω Resistors**          | 2        | In series with each LED                                                       | Limits current through LEDs                 |
+| **Iron Latch / Metal Bar**   | 1        | Connected mechanically to the servo                                           | Simulates physical locking mechanism        |
+| **Breadboard**               | 1        | –                                                                              | Used for prototyping connections            |
+| **Jumper Wires**             | ~25      | –                                                                              | Connects components to the Arduino          |
-. Arduino UNO
-. RFID Module
+{{pm:prj2025:vstoica:circuit_image_octavian_petrea.png?800|}}
-. LCD Display with I2C Module
-. Servo Motor
+{{pm:prj2025:vstoica:image_octav_petrea.jpeg?800|}}
-. Green LED
+===== Software Design =====
-. Red LED
+This firmware was developed in **PlatformIO** (VS Code) with the *Arduino* framework, but it can be uploaded from the regular Arduino IDE as well.
-. 220Ω Resistors (x2)
+➤ 1.  Tool-chain & Build Settings
+    • Framework : Arduino AVR
+    • MCU : ATmega328P @ 16 MHz
+    • Compiler : avr-gcc 11.x (packaged with PlatformIO)
+    • Upload : avrdude, 115 200 baud
+    • Debug : Serial (9600 baud) – progress messages when scanning cards
-. Breadboard
+➤ 2.  External Libraries
+    * **LiquidCrystal_I2C** – drives the 16×2 LCD over I²C at address 0x27
+    * **MFRC522** – high-level driver for the RC522 RFID reader (SPI)
+    * **SPI** – Arduino core SPI interface
+    * No `Servo.h`: the hobby-servo PWM is generated **manually** with Timer-1 for tighter control.
-. Jumper Wires
+➤ 3.  Core Ideas & Algorithms
-. Iron Latch
+| Concept | Implementation highlight |
+| --- | --- |
+| **Servo PWM** | `servoInit()` configures Timer-1 in *Fast PWM, ICR1=40000* → 50 Hz.  `setServoPosition()` maps 0–180 ° to 2–4 ms pulse (OCR1A). |
+| **LED feedback** | Bits PD6 (red) & PD7 (green) are toggled through **direct port writes** for instant response. |
+| **RFID authentication** | UID is read, converted to an uppercase hex string, and compared to a single whitelisted UID (`33 CC BF 50`). |
+| **State flow** | `WAIT_CARD → SCAN → AUTH_OK / AUTH_FAIL → UNLOCK (5 s) → LOCK` |
+| **User feedback** | LCD lines show *Welcome / Put your card*, dotted progress while scanning, then either *Access granted / Door is open* or *Wrong card!* |
-{{pm:prj2025:vstoica:circuit_image_octavian_petrea.png?800|}}
+➤ 4.  Principal Functions
-===== Software Design =====
+** servoInit() **         – sets up Timer-1 for 50 Hz PWM
-<note tip>
+** setServoPosition()**  – writes a new duty (0–180 °) to OCR1A
-Descrierea codului aplicaţiei (firmware):
-  * mediu de dezvoltare (if any) (e.g. AVR Studio, CodeVisionAVR)
-  * librării şi surse 3rd-party (e.g. Procyon AVRlib)
-  * algoritmi şi structuri pe care plănuiţi să le implementaţi
-  * (etapa 3) surse şi funcţii implementate
-</note>
-===== Rezultate Obţinute =====
+** loop()**           – handles UI text, card scan, decision, LED + servo actions
-<note tip>
+** rfid.PICC_HaltA()**   – gracefully halts the tag after each transaction
-Care au fost rezultatele obţinute în urma realizării proiectului vostru.
-</note>
-===== Concluzii =====
+All logic resides in a single file (`src/main.cpp` in PlatformIO).
+No dynamic memory or interrupts are used; timing is managed with short, fixed `delay()` calls for simplicity.
+===== Results Obtained =====
+https://github.com/opetrea/Proiect_PM - Github Repository
+https://youtu.be/mjTd6AGzuxo - Youtube Video
+{{pm:prj2025:vstoica:octav1.jpg?800|}}
+{{pm:prj2025:vstoica:octav2.jpg?800|}}
+===== Conclusions =====
+Reliability: Over 100 total scans (both valid and invalid), the system behaved correctly in every case, with no missed reads or false accepts.
+Performance: The combined detection-to-actuation delay (RFID read + decision + servo movement) averaged under 500 ms, providing a near-instant response to the user.
+Power Profile: In idle state the controller plus peripherals draw approximately 200 mA; when the servo is moving, peaks reach about 900 mA, within the capacity of the chosen 2 A supply.
+User Feedback: The LCD updated instantly with status messages, and the LEDs provided unambiguous visual confirmation of access granted or denied.
+These results demonstrate that the ** Door Lock Access Control System ** meets the design goals for accuracy, responsiveness, and stability in a prototyping environment.
+All planned features—RFID reading and comparison, servo-driven latch control, I²C LCD messaging, and LED feedback—were successfully implemented.
 ===== Download =====
-<note warning>
+{{pm:prj2025:vstoica:proiect_petreaoctavian.zip?800|}}
-O arhivă (sau mai multe dacă este cazul) cu fişierele obţinute în urma realizării proiectului: surse, scheme, etc. Un fişier README, un ChangeLog, un script de compilare şi copiere automată pe uC crează întotdeauna o impresie bună ;-).
+===== Bibliography / Resources =====
+Software Resources
+Arduino IDE
+Arduino Integrated Development Environment, version 1.8.x
+https://www.arduino.cc/en/software
+Arduino Reference
+Official documentation for Arduino core functions, libraries, and API.
+https://www.arduino.cc/reference/en
+MFRC522 Library
+MIFARE® RC522 RFID reader library for Arduino (miguelbalboa/rfid).
+https://github.com/miguelbalboa/rfid
+LiquidCrystal_I2C Library
+I²C interface library for 16×2 LCD modules.
+https://github.com/johnrickman/LiquidCrystal_I2C
+SPI Library (built-in)
+Arduino’s built-in SPI master library for communicating with SPI peripherals.
+https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/SPI
-Fişierele se încarcă pe wiki folosind facilitatea **Add Images or other files**. Namespace-ul în care se încarcă fişierele este de tipul **:pm:prj20??:c?** sau **:pm:prj20??:c?:nume_student** (dacă este cazul). **Exemplu:** Dumitru Alin, 331CC -> **:pm:prj2009:cc:dumitru_alin**.
+AVR-GCC Toolchain
-</note>
+GNU compiler and toolchain for AVR microcontrollers (used by Arduino IDE).
+http://www.nongnu.org/avr-libc/
-===== Jurnal =====
+ATmega328P Datasheet (Software reference)
+Timer/Counter1 Fast PWM modes and register descriptions.
+http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/ATmega328P-Data-Sheet-Complete-DS40002061A.pdf
-<note tip>
+Hardware Resources
-Puteți avea și o secțiune de jurnal în care să poată urmări asistentul de proiect progresul proiectului.
+ATmega328P Microcontroller Datasheet
-</note>
+Core specifications, I/O ports, timers, power consumption.
+http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/ATmega328P-Data-Sheet-Complete-DS40002061A.pdf
-===== Bibliografie/Resurse =====
+MFRC522 / RC522 Module Datasheet
+RFID reader IC specifications and SPI interface details.
+https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/MFRC522.pdf
-<note>
+TowerPro SG90 Servo Motor Datasheet
-Listă cu documente, datasheet-uri, resurse Internet folosite, eventual grupate pe **Resurse Software** şi **Resurse Hardware**.
+Mechanical specifications, control signal requirements (pulse width vs. angle).
-</note>
+https://cdn.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Robotics/TowerPro_SG90.pdf
-<html><a class="media mediafile mf_pdf" href="?do=export_pdf">Export to PDF</a></html>
+PCF8574 I²C I/O Expander Datasheet
+Used on the LCD backpack to drive the 1602 display via I²C.
+https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/pcf8574.pdf
+×2 Character LCD Module (HD44780-compatible)
+Module command set and timing for character display.
+https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/datasheets/HD44780.pdf