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--- pm:prj2025:vstoica:mioara_raluca.nica [2025/05/29 03:41]
mioara_raluca.nica old revision restored (2025/05/29 03:30)
+++ pm:prj2025:vstoica:mioara_raluca.nica [2025/05/30 03:09] (current)
mioara_raluca.nica [Rezultate Obţinute]
@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
        - Orange → almost full
        - Red → full
-  * **Push Button** (Override) Connected via interrupt, allows manual barrier control in emergency situations or system fallback.
 === Software Flow & Interactions ===
@@ Line 43: / Line 42: @@
           * Red LED turns on.
   * After car enters, sensor 2 updates spot count.
-  * Push button can trigger barrier manually, handled via interrupt.
 ===== Hardware Design =====
 {{:pm:prj2025:vstoica:circuit_rn.jpeg?600|}}
@@ Line 57: / Line 55: @@
 | **Red LED**                   | 1        | Anode→A1 (via 220 Ω), Cathode→GND                                                                                 | “Full” indicator                         |
 | **220 Ω Resistors**           | 3        | In series with each LED                                                                                          | Current limiting for LEDs                |
-| **Push-Button (Override)**    | 1        | One side→D3 (INPUT_PULLUP), other side→GND                                                                        | Manual barrier control (interrupt on D3) |
 | **Breadboard**                | 1        | –                                                                                                                | Prototyping / common power rails         |
 | **Jumper Wires**              | ~20      | –                                                                                                                | Signal and power connections             |
@@ Line 65: / Line 62: @@
 ===== Software Design =====
-. Development Environment
+=== Development Environment ===
-* **IDE**: PlatformIO in VS Code
+  * **IDE:** PlatformIO in VS Code
-* **Compiler / Uploader**: `avr‑gcc` + `avrdude` (bundled with the IDE)
+  * **Tool-chain:** avr-gcc + avrdude (bundled with the IDE)
-* **MCU clock**: 16 MHz (default)
+  * **MCU clock:** 16 MHz
-* **Debugging**: Serial Monitor @ 9600 baud; optional logic analyzer
+  * **Debug:** Serial Monitor @ 9600 baud; optional logic-analyzer capture
-## 2. Third‑Party Libraries
+=== Libraries & Sources ===
-* `Wire` – I2C bus (Arduino core)
+  * Wire – I2C bus (Arduino core)
-* `LiquidCrystal_PCF8574` – drives a 16×2 LCD via PCF8574 backpack
+  * LiquidCrystal_PCF8574 – 16×2 LCD via PCF8574 backpack
-* `SPI` – hardware SPI for MFRC522 (Arduino core)
+  * SPI – hardware SPI for MFRC522 (Arduino core)
-* `MFRC522` – high‑level API for the 13.56 MHz RFID reader *(miguelbalboa/MFRC522)*
+  * MFRC522 – 13.56 MHz RFID reader API (miguelbalboa/MFRC522)
-* `Servo` – PWM control for the barrier servo motor
+  * Servo – PWM control for the barrier arm
-* `avr/io.h` – direct register access (fast LED control)
+  * avr/io.h – direct register access for fast LED updates
-## 3. Architecture & Algorithms
+=== Architecture & Algorithms ===
-### 3.1 Simplified State Flow
+**State Flow**
-. **Idle – waiting for card** LEDs show occupancy, LCD says “Scan card…”.
+. Idle / Scan Card – LEDs show occupancy, LCD “Scan card…”.
-. **Entry granted** valid UID + free spots.
+. Entry Granted – valid UID and free spots.
-. **Raise barrier (entry)** only if ultrasonic #1 sees a vehicle **and** at least 10 s have passed since the last raise.
+. Raise Barrier (Entry) – ultrasonic #1 detects a vehicle and ≥ 10 s since last raise.
-. **Count entry** after ultrasonic #2 detects the vehicle, the barrier lowers and `carsInside++`.
+. Count Entry – ultrasonic #2 sees vehicle, barrier lowers, carsInside++.
-. **Raise barrier (exit)** if there are cars inside and ultrasonic #2 sees a vehicle **and** the 10 s cooldown has expired.
+. Raise Barrier (Exit) – carsInside > 0, ultrasonic #2 sees vehicle and cooldown met.
-. **Count exit** once the vehicle clears, the barrier lowers and `carsInside--`.
+. Count Exit – vehicle clears sensor, barrier lowers, carsInside--.
-### 3.2 Key Data Structures
+**Key Data**
-```cpp
+    ```cpp
-const byte authorizedUID[][4];  // whitelist of allowed UIDs
+    const byte authorizedUID[][4];   // whitelist of UIDs
-int  carsInside;                // current occupancy counter
+    int  carsInside;                 // vehicles inside
-unsigned long lastRaiseMillis;  // timestamp of the most recent raise
+    unsigned long lastRaiseMillis;   // last time barrier was raised
-```
+    ```
-### 3.3 Timing Constants
+**Timing Constants**
-* `minRaiseInterval` = **10 000 ms** – global cooldown between raises
+    * minRaiseInterval = 10 000 ms – global cooldown between raises
-* `carClearTime` = **1 500 ms** – ensure sensor field is empty before closing
+    * carClearTime = 1 500 ms – confirm sensor field is empty before lowering
-## 4. Source File & Functions
+=== Source Files & Functions ===
-* **`parking_barrier.ino`**
+  * **parking_barrier.ino**
-  • `setup()` – hardware init and “Welcome” message
+      * setup() – hardware init, “Welcome” splash
-  • `loop()` – full finite‑state machine for entry/exit
+      * loop() – full FSM for entry/exit
-  • `readDistanceCm()` – HC‑SR04 helper
+      * readDistanceCm() – HC-SR04 helper
-  • `isAuthorized()` – UID whitelist check
+      * isAuthorized() – UID whitelist check
-  • `updateLEDs()` – sets green / yellow / red LED
+      * updateLEDs() – green/orange/red status LEDs
-  • `showMessage()` – prints text on the LCD
+      * showMessage() – text output on LCD
-## 5. Planned Enhancements
+=== Planned Enhancements ===
-* Safety photocell to prevent lowering onto obstacles
+  * Safety photocell to block lowering if an obstacle is detected
-* EEPROM whitelist with master card for runtime UID management
+  * EEPROM-stored whitelist with master-card admin functions
-* Web dashboard (ESP8266/ESP32) with live telemetry and OTA updates
+  * Web dashboard (ESP8266/ESP32) for live telemetry and OTA updates
-<note tip>
-Descrierea codului aplicaţiei (firmware):
-  * mediu de dezvoltare (if any) (e.g. AVR Studio, CodeVisionAVR)
-  * librării şi surse 3rd-party (e.g. Procyon AVRlib)
-  * algoritmi şi structuri pe care plănuiţi să le implementaţi
-  * (etapa 3) surse şi funcţii implementate
-</note>
 ===== Rezultate Obţinute =====
-<note tip>
+Code:
-Care au fost rezultatele obţinute în urma realizării proiectului vostru.
+https://github.com/Raluca1304/Automatic_parking_gate.git
-</note>
+Demo:
+https://youtube.com/shorts/BB8ATAf_ZLA?feature=share
+{{:pm:prj2025:vstoica:imagine_13.jpeg?200|}}
+===== Conclusions =====
+The **Automatic Parking Gate** prototype successfully met its main goals: RFID-based access control, real-time spot counting with ultrasonic sensors, and safe barrier actuation via a servo—all accompanied by clear LCD messages and status LEDs. Bench-top and live tests showed:
+* **Reliability** – The barrier opened only for authorised cards and never allowed occupancy to exceed capacity in all test scenarios.
+* **Response time** – The arm rises in under 1 s after a valid scan and lowers about 800 ms after the vehicle clears the exit sensor.
+* **User feedback** – LCD prompts and the green / yellow / red LED scheme gave immediate, intuitive information.
+On the learning side, the project reinforced skills in:
+* SPI and I2C communication on Arduino hardware;
+* designing a clean finite-state machine;
+* integrating multiple hardware modules into a cohesive system.
+** Observed limitations
+**
+* Ultrasonic sensors can mis-trigger in heavy rain or on very angled surfaces.
+* The whitelist of cards is hard-coded—any change requires reflashing.
+* There is no dedicated safety sensor to halt the arm while it is lowering.
+** Future improvements**
+. Add an IR **safety photocell** to stop the barrier if something crosses underneath.
+. Store the whitelist in **EEPROM** and use a master card for live admin tasks.
+. Attach a Wi-Fi module (ESP8266/ESP32) for a web dashboard, live telemetry and OTA firmware updates.
+. Enclose the electronics in a 3-D-printed, weather-proof housing and provide rugged power filtering.
+Implementing these upgrades would move the prototype closer to a deployable, real-world parking solution—enhancing safety, flexibility and ease of maintenance.
-===== Concluzii =====
 ===== Download =====
+{{:pm:prj2025:vstoica:automatic_parking_gate-master.zip|}}
+===== Bibliography / Resources =====
+=== Software Resources ===
+* **Arduino Core Documentation** – “Language Reference” and “Core Libraries” (arduino.cc)
+* **MFRC522 Library** – GitHub repository *miguelbalboa/MFRC522*, release v1.4.11
+README and example sketches for SPI RFID communication
+* **LiquidCrystal_PCF8574 Library** – GitHub repository *mathertel/LiquidCrystal_PCF8574*, release v1.3.x  I2C backpack usage and custom character guide
+* **PlatformIO Documentation** – “Getting Started with AVR/Arduino” and “Library Dependency Finder”
+* **AVR Libc Manual** – chapter on direct register access (`avr/io.h`)
+* **Timer-1 Fast-PWM Tutorial** – Nick Gammon’s blog post on generating 50 Hz servo signals
+* **Microchip ATmega328P Datasheet** – section on timers/counters and SPI/I²C peripherals
-<note warning>
+=== Hardware Resources ===
-O arhivă (sau mai multe dacă este cazul) cu fişierele obţinute în urma realizării proiectului: surse, scheme, etc. Un fişier README, un ChangeLog, un script de compilare şi copiere automată pe uC crează întotdeauna o impresie bună ;-).
+* **MFRC522 RFID Reader Module Datasheet** – NXP PN532/RC522 reference, timing diagrams
-Fişierele se încarcă pe wiki folosind facilitatea **Add Images or other files**. Namespace-ul în care se încarcă fişierele este de tipul **:pm:prj20??:c?** sau **:pm:prj20??:c?:nume_student** (dacă este cazul). **Exemplu:** Dumitru Alin, 331CC -> **:pm:prj2009:cc:dumitru_alin**.
+* **HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor Datasheet** – voltage levels, echo timing relationship
-</note>
-===== Jurnal =====
+* **SG90 / TowerPro Micro Servo Datasheet** – pulse-width vs. angle chart, stall torque specs
-<note tip>
+* **16×2 Character LCD (HD44780) Datasheet** – command set, timing, busy-flag notes
-Puteți avea și o secțiune de jurnal în care să poată urmări asistentul de proiect progresul proiectului.
-</note>
-===== Bibliografie/Resurse =====
+* **PCF8574 I/O Expander Datasheet** – I2C address map, drive current limits
-<note>
+* **ESP328P Module Datasheet** – pinout, flash modes, Wi-Fi radio parameters
-Listă cu documente, datasheet-uri, resurse Internet folosite, eventual grupate pe **Resurse Software** şi **Resurse Hardware**.
-</note>
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