The Smart Egg Incubator is a microcontroller-based system designed to automate and optimize the process of egg incubation. It continuously monitors and regulates temperature and humidity — the two most critical environmental parameters for successful embryo development.

The incubator can:

• Measure temperature and humidity via a DHT22 sensor
• Control the temperature by using the fan at no more than ~27°C
• Activate a humidifier to keep humidity between 50–60% (65–70% during hatching)
• Provide LED indicators (green/yellow/red)
• Buzzer alerts forwhen human intervention is needed
• Log environmental data to a microSD card in .csv format
• Display live readings/alerts on the LCD screen

The goal is to provide a low-cost, accessible, and reliable solution for hatching eggs at home, in schools, or in small farms. By automating critical monitoring and control tasks, the incubator increases hatching success rates and minimizes manual effort.

The idea came from noticing how difficult it can be to hatch eggs reliably without specialized equipment. I wanted to create a simple and affordable system that automatically manages key environmental factors — temperature and humidity — making the incubation process easier and more accessible to anyone.

This project is useful for:

• Biology teachers or educational purposes
• Small-scale farmers
• People that are passionate about egg hatching

It offers a smart and affordable alternative to commercial incubators, making the hatching process more data-driven and educational.

Block Scheme

The system is built around the Arduino Uno platform. It uses a DHT22 sensor to measure temperature and humidity inside the incubator. A small 12V fan, is powered by an external battery using a power mosfet module, that enables the control from the arduino board. The fan ensures air circulation, when the temperature is too high, but it also helps to move humid air around, which can prevent pockets of moisture from accumulating in one spot.

The LCD display shows live values of temperature and humidity and the alerts for the user, while LEDs indicate status:

Green = optimal

Yellow = warning

Red = out of range

The buzzer notifies the user when human intervention is needed.

All sensor readings are logged every 60 seconds to a microSD card.

• Arduino Uno R3
• Breadboard + jumper wires
• DHT22 sensor
• SD card module + microSD
• 12V DC fan
• LCD 1602 I2C display
• 3 LEDs (red, yellow, green)
• 4x 220 Ohm resistors
• 1x 10K Ohm resistor
• Pasive buzzer
• 12V battery
• IRF520 Module

1. DHT22 Sensor

• Out pin on D2
• VCC on 5V
• GND on GND

2. LCD 1602 Display

• SDA on A4
• SCL on A5
• VCC on 5V
• GND on GND

3. MicroSD module:

• CS (Chip Select) on D4
• MOSI: D11
• MISO: D12
• SCK (Clock) on D13
• VCC on 5V
• GND on GND

4. 12V Fan and IRF520:

• IRF520 SIG on D8
• IRF520 GND on GND
• IRF520 VIN and GND on + and - from the battery
• IRF520 V+ and V- on + and - from the fan

5. Passive Buzzer:

• Signal on D7
• GND on GND

6. LEDs (Red, Yellow, Green)

• Red: D9
• Yellow: D10
• Green: D6

The Arduino sketch uses the following libraries:

DHT sensor library

Adafruit SSD1306 (for OLED)

SD library

Wire (I2C communication)

Functional logic:

Read DHT22 values every 2 seconds

Log data to SD every 60 seconds

Compare values against threshold:

If temp < 37°C → turn ON heat

If humidity < 50% → turn ON humidifier

If values are too low/high → buzzer + red LED

If values are optimal → green LED