This is an old revision of the document!


Fire Detector Based on Temperature

Nume si Prenume: Pacuraru Macedoniu-Nicolae
Grupa: 335CA

Introduction

This project is a fire detection system that continuously monitors ambient temperature using a DHT11 sensor connected to an ESP8266 microcontroller. When the sensor reading exceeds a set temperature (50 °C for example), a buzzer is activated and an SMS alert is sent via a SIM800L GSM module to a predefined phone number. This device provides immediate local warning and remote notification, helping to prevent fire-related incidents in homes or workspaces.

General Description

The system consists of both hardware and software modules working together:

  • ESP8266 Microcontroller: Reads temperature data, processes the threshold logic, controls the buzzer, and interfaces with the GSM module.
  • DHT11 Temperature Sensor: Provides real-time temperature readings to the microcontroller over a digital signal.
  • Buzzer: Emits an audible alarm when the temperature crosses a set value.
  • SIM800L GSM Module: Sends SMS alerts over UART to notify remote users.
  • Push button: Stops the buzzer alarm.

Hardware Design

Component Description Link
ESP8266EX + CH340 Microcontroller board (Plusivo) Link
DHT11 Temperature Sensor Digital temperature and humidity sensor Link
SIM800L GSM Module GSM communication module Link
1571563-8 Push Button Link
Passive Buzzer Passive Buzzer Link
LM2596 Converter Adjustable voltage regulator module Link

Conexiuni între piese

- Senzorul de temperatură DHT11

Date (OUT) → pin D2 (GPIO4) al placuței ESP8266 VCC → 3.3V GND → GND

- Butonul (Reset Alarmă)

Un pin → pin D1 (GPIO5) al ESP8266 Celălalt pin → GND Configurare software: se activează rezistența internă de pull-up cu pinMode(D1, INPUT_PULLUP); Rol: Oprește alarma temporar și resetează starea de alertă.

- Buzzer-ul pasiv

Pin de semnal → pin D0 (GPIO16) GND → GND Rol: Emite un sunet de avertizare când temperatura depășește pragul. Controlat cu tone() și noTone().

- Modulul GSM SIM800L

TX (ieșire SIM800L) → pin D7 (RX ESP8266) RX (intrare SIM800L) → pin D8 (TX ESP8266) Notă: Se recomandă un divizor de tensiune pe TX ESP8266 → RX SIM800L, deoarece ESP dă 3.3V iar SIM800L este sensibil. VCC → sursă separată de 3.7V (baterie Li-ion) sau prin convertor step-down stabilizat GND → GND comun cu ESP8266 Rol: Trimite un SMS de alertă o singură dată la fiecare declanșare de alarmă.

- ESP8266 (NodeMCU)

USB → PC (pentru alimentare și comunicare serială) Rol: Este centrul de control al sistemului. Primește datele de la senzor, decide dacă activează alarma și comunică prin GSM.

Software Design

The firmware is developed in the Arduino IDE targeting the ESP8266 platform. It follows these steps:

1. Initialize the DHT11 sensor, buzzer pin, and UART communication with the SIM800L.
2. Enter a loop where temperature is read every two seconds.
3. If the temperature reading exceeds 50 °C, activate the buzzer and transmit an SMS alert via the GSM module using standard AT commands.
4. Otherwise, keep the buzzer silent and continue monitoring.

Results

Conclusions

Bibliography/Resources

pm/prj2025/abirlica/macedoniu.pacuraru.1748537855.txt.gz · Last modified: 2025/05/29 19:57 by macedoniu.pacuraru
CC Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
www.chimeric.de Valid CSS Driven by DokuWiki do yourself a favour and use a real browser - get firefox!! Recent changes RSS feed Valid XHTML 1.0