Prezentarea pe scurt a proiectului:

• ce face: este un cos de birou cu deschidere automata si interactiune user-friendly
• care este scopul lui: utilizarea atractiva a unui accesoriu de birou
• care a fost ideea de la care aţi pornit: pe internet exista varianta unui cos cu deschidere automata implementat cu Arduino, caruia am hotarat sa ii adaug mai multe feature-uri
• de ce credeţi că este util pentru alţii şi pentru voi: este un obiect folosit in mod frecvent si caruia i se pot aduce multe imbunatatiri

Acest DeskBin are drept functionalitate principala deschiderea automata. Acest lucru se realizeaza in felul urmator:

• primul senzor ultra-sonic detecteaza mana aflata la o distanta de 5-20 cm
• acest lucru activeaza servo-motorul care va ridica, actionand printr-un brat de plastic, capacul de la cos
• capacul sta deschis timp de 5s, apoi se inchide

A doua functionalitate consta in raportarea nivelului de umplere. Aceste date sunt preluate de cel de-al doilea senzor ultra-sonic pozitionat in capacul cosului, fiind legat la un led RGB. Astfel, daca DeskBin-ul nu e plin, led-ul RGB va sta aprins pe verde, respectiv daca este plin, va sta aprins pe rosu, dezactivand senzorul de deschidere pana va fi golit.

A treia functionalitate este cea a ecranului LCD. In functie de nivelul de umplere, va afisa emoji-uri cu diferite stari:

• smiley - cand nu este plin
• satiated - cand este plin
• eating - cand se deschide cosul

Inainte de toate, am definit:

• macro-uri pentru pinii dedicati
• macro-uri pentru constante (distante)
• variabile globale (array-uri de bytes pentru emoji-uri, variabilele servo si lcd)

In functia setup() realizez urmatoarele:

• initializarea display-ului
• crearea tuturor blocurilor necesare emoji-urilor
• initializarea servo-motorului
• initializarea pin-urilor pentru INPUT, respectiv OUTPUT

In functia loop() se urmeaza acest curs de executie:

• pentru ultrasonic_deschidere: resetare + masurat distanta –> activare servo
• pentru ultrasonic_umplere: resetare + masurat distanta –> activare LED
• setare emoji in functie de stare

Functia set_emoji() este apelata ultima in loop, deoarece ea depinde tot ce a fost executat pana atunci. Practic se reevaluzeaza conditiile de umplere si deschidere pentru a afisa pe LCD un emoji definit anterior. Altfel, default va exista un emoji smiley :)

Mai jos atasez codul:

#include <Servo.h>

#include <Wire.h> 
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>

#define SERVO 12
#define ECHO_PIN_DIST 5
#define TRIGGER_PIN_DIST 6
#define ECHO_PIN_FULL 10
#define TRIGGER_PIN_FULL 8
#define RED_PIN 2
#define BLUE_PIN 3
#define GREEN_PIN 4
#define FULL 15

#define MIN_DIST 5
#define MAX_DIST 20

// servo
Servo my_servo;

// display
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27,20,4);  // set the LCD address to 0x27 for a 16 chars and 2 line display


byte eyeLeftUp[] = {
  0x0F,
  0x10,
  0x10,
  0x10,
  0x10,
  0x10,
  0x10,
  0x10
};

byte eyeLeftDown[] = {
  0x10,
  0x10,
  0x10,
  0x10,
  0x10,
  0x10,
  0x10,
  0x0F
};

byte eyeRightUp[] = {
  0x1E,
  0x01,
  0x01,
  0x01,
  0x01,
  0x01,
  0x01,
  0x01
};

byte eyeRightDown[] = {
  0x01,
  0x01,
  0x01,
  0x01,
  0x01,
  0x01,
  0x01,
  0x1E
};

byte eyeVerticalLeft[] = {
  0x10,
  0x10,
  0x10,
  0x10,
  0x10,
  0x10,
  0x10,
  0x10
};

byte eyeVerticalRight[] = {
  0x01,
  0x01,
  0x01,
  0x01,
  0x01,
  0x01,
  0x01,
  0x01
};

byte eyeHorizontalUp[] = {
  0x1F,
  0x00,
  0x00,
  0x00,
  0x00,
  0x00,
  0x00,
  0x00
};

byte eyeHorizontalDown[] = {
  0x00,
  0x00,
  0x1F,
  0x1F,
  0x1F,
  0x1F,
  0x1F,
  0x1F
};


byte smileyMouth[] = {
  0x00,
  0x00,
  0x00,
  0x00,
  0x00,
  0x10,
  0x11,
  0x0E
};

byte eatingMouth[] = {
  0x00,
  0x00,
  0x0E,
  0x11,
  0x11,
  0x11,
  0x11,
  0x0E
};

byte sleepyEye[] = {
  0x00,
  0x00,
  0x00,
  0x00,
  0x00,
  0x00,
  0x1F,
  0x1F
};

byte satiatedMouth[] = {
  0x00,
  0x00,
  0x00,
  0x00,
  0x00,
  0x00,
  0x00,
  0x00
};

// Reset trigger to LOW
void reset_trigger(int trigger_pin) 
{
  digitalWrite(trigger_pin, LOW);
  delayMicroseconds(5000);
  digitalWrite(trigger_pin, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(5000);
  digitalWrite(trigger_pin, LOW);
}

void createSatiatedMouth() {
  lcd.createChar(12, satiatedMouth);
}

void printSatiatedMouth() {
  lcd.setCursor(9, 3);
  lcd.write(12);
}

void createSmileyMouth() {
 lcd.createChar(9, smileyMouth);
 
}

void printSmileyMouth() {
  lcd.setCursor(9, 3);
  lcd.write(9);
}


void createOpenMouth() {
  lcd.createChar(10, eatingMouth);
}

void printOpenMouth() {
  lcd.setCursor(9, 3);
  lcd.write(10);
}


void createSleepyEye() {
  lcd.createChar(11, sleepyEye);
}

void printSleepyEye(int val) {

  int i = val;

  lcd.setCursor(i + 3, 2);
  lcd.write(11);
  lcd.setCursor(i + 4, 2);
  lcd.write(11);
}

void printSleepyEyes() {
  printSleepyEye(0);
  printSleepyEye(12);

}


// construct every component of emoji
void createNormalEye() {
  
  lcd.createChar(1, eyeLeftUp);
  
  lcd.createChar(2, eyeLeftDown);
  
  lcd.createChar(3, eyeRightUp);
  
  lcd.createChar(4, eyeRightDown);
  
  lcd.createChar(5, eyeVerticalLeft);
  
  lcd.createChar(6, eyeVerticalRight);
  
  lcd.createChar(7, eyeHorizontalUp);
  
  lcd.createChar(8, eyeHorizontalDown);

  
  
}


void printNormalEye(int val) {
  int i = val;


  lcd.setCursor(i + 2, 0);
  lcd.write(1);


  lcd.setCursor(i + 2, 2);
  lcd.write(2);


  lcd.setCursor(i + 5, 0);
  lcd.write(3);


  lcd.setCursor(i + 5, 2);
  lcd.write(4);


  lcd.setCursor(i + 2, 1);
  lcd.write(5);


  lcd.setCursor(i + 5, 1);
  lcd.write(6);


  lcd.setCursor(i + 3, 0);
  lcd.write(7);
  lcd.setCursor(i + 4, 0);
  lcd.write(7);


  lcd.setCursor(i + 3, 2);
  lcd.write(8);
  lcd.setCursor(i + 4, 2);
  lcd.write(8);
}

void printNormalEyes() {
  printNormalEye(0);
  printNormalEye(12);
}


/* print emojies functions */
void printEatingEmoji() {
  printNormalEyes();
  printOpenMouth();
}

void printSleepingEmoji() {
  printSleepyEyes();
  printOpenMouth();
}

void printSmileyEmoji() {
  printNormalEyes();
  printSmileyMouth();
}


void printSatiatedEmoji() {
  printNormalEyes();
  printSatiatedMouth();
}



void setup()
{
  // initialize the lcd 
  lcd.init();                      
  lcd.backlight();
  lcd.clear();
  
  // init face components
  createNormalEye();
  createSleepyEye();
  createSmileyMouth();
  createOpenMouth();
  createSatiatedMouth();

  // init servo
  my_servo.attach(SERVO);

  // init open ultrasonic sensor
  pinMode(TRIGGER_PIN_DIST, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ECHO_PIN_DIST, INPUT);

  // init full ultrasonic
  pinMode(TRIGGER_PIN_FULL, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ECHO_PIN_FULL, INPUT);

  // init rgb led
  pinMode(RED_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(GREEN_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(BLUE_PIN, OUTPUT);

  delay(100);
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

float get_distance(int echo_pin) 
{
  float dist;
 
  // set pin
  pinMode(echo_pin, INPUT);
 
  // get distance to hand
  long duration = pulseIn(echo_pin, HIGH);
  // distance in cm (converted from time)
  dist = duration / 58.82;
  return dist;
}

void open_trash_by_hand(float dist) 
{
  int pos;
 
  if (dist <= MAX_DIST && dist >= MIN_DIST) {
    pos = 90;
    my_servo.write(pos);
    delay(50);
  }
  else {
    pos = 0;
    my_servo.write(pos);
  }
}

// check if deskbin is full
void check_content(float dist_full) {
   if (dist_full <= FULL) {
    // turn red led on
    digitalWrite(RED_PIN, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(GREEN_PIN, LOW);
  }
  else {
    // turn green led on
    digitalWrite(RED_PIN, LOW);
    digitalWrite(GREEN_PIN, HIGH);
    delay(1000);
  }
}

void set_emoji(int dist_hand, int dist_full) {
  if (dist_full <= FULL) {
    printSatiatedEmoji();
    delay(100);
  } else if (dist_hand <= MAX_DIST && dist_hand >= MIN_DIST) {
    printEatingEmoji();
    delay(500);
  } else {
    printSmileyEmoji();
  }
}

void loop()
{
  /* full ultrasonic */
  // reset
  reset_trigger(TRIGGER_PIN_FULL);

  // get dist(sensor, garbage)
  float dist_full = get_distance(ECHO_PIN_FULL);


  // activate led depending on status
  check_content(dist_full);

  float dist_hand;

  if (dist_full <= FULL) {
    // is full
  } else {
    /* open sensor*/
    // reset
    reset_trigger(TRIGGER_PIN_DIST);

    // get dist(sensor, hand)
    dist_hand = get_distance(ECHO_PIN_DIST);
    
    // activate servo if dist_hand in range(MIN_DIST, MAX_DIST)
    open_trash_by_hand(dist_hand);
  }

  /* set emoji */
  set_emoji(dist_hand, dist_full);  
}

Cand exista spatiu si este in asteptare, apare smiley_emoji, iar ledul este verde

Cand este deschis, apare eating_emoji

Cand nu mai exista spatiu, apare satiated_emoji, iar ledul devine rosu

Iar aici, alte detalii

Realizarea acestui proiect a fost o experienta frumoasa si utila. A fost primul meu proiect cu micro-controller si pot spune ca este un sentiment rewarding in final.
Principala dificultate pe care am intampinat-o a fost gasirea pe internet a modului de legare pentru un LCD 2.8 inch ILI9341, fara pin CS. Drept urmare, am gasit alternativa LCD 2004A IIC, care s-a pretat foarte bine genului de aplicatie al proiectului.

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