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--- pjv:laboratoare:2023:03 [2023/10/10 11:40]
alexandru.gradinaru created
+++ pjv:laboratoare:2023:03 [2024/10/07 10:48] (current)
alexandru.gradinaru
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-===== Transformari de baza =====
+===== 3. Transformari de baza =====
 ==== Cerinte =====
-TBU
+Creati o scena care sa contina mai multe zone de spawn (minim 3). Fiecare zona va contine un grid 5x5 de obiecte scriptate, alese aleator din urmatoarele grupuri:
+  * obiecte care se rotesc incontinuu
+  * obiecte care sar incontinuu
+  * obiecte care se maresc o data la 3 secunde, pana la un maxim de dimensiune, apoi revin la forma initiala
+<hidden>
+* o tinta care se roteste in permanenta
+  * un obiect de tip tun care
+    * poate lansa proiectile
+    * poate roti teava sus-jos pe taste
+  * proiectilul
+    * este lansat la fiecare apasare a tastei SPACE
+    * este lansat din varful tevii tunului, pe directia inainte, si are comportament fizic (gravitatie, forta etc.)
+    *
+</hidden>
 ==== Documentatie video =====
-TBU
+Inregistrare pe MS Teams
 ==== Documentatie extinsa text =====
-TBU
+> **time.deltatime**
+In unity, Time.deltaTime will provide you **time in seconds it took to complete the last frame (Read Only)**. This can be used to make your game frame independent.
+When you multiply any value with Time.deltaTime you essentially express: I want to move this object 10 meters per second instead of 10 meters per frame.
+For more details please visit  "Edit -> Project Settings -> Time" **OR** From scripting, check out the [Time](http://docs.unity3d.com/ScriptReference/Time.html) class.
+<code c#>
+public class ExampleClass : MonoBehaviour {
+    void Update() {
+        float translation = Time.deltaTime * 10;
+        transform.Translate(0, 0, translation);
+    }
+}
+</code>
+> **Difference between Update, Fixed Update and Late Update.**
+**Update:** (Most things)
+  * Update is called once per frame from every script in which it is defined. Calling of Update function is dependent on the frame rate.
+  * The time interval to call update is not fixed; it depends on how much time required to complete the individual frame.
+**FixedUpdate:**(Physics things)
+  * FixedUpdate is independent of the frame rate. The time interval is to call FixedUpdate is constant; as it is called on a reliable timer.
+  * FixedUpdate can be called multiple times per frame if frame rate is low or it may not be called per frame if the frame rate will be high.
+  * All the physics related calculations and updates are called immediately after **FixedUpdate**. So, its good to handle all physics related calculation inside FixedUpdate.
+**LateUpdate:**(After update)
+  * LateUpdate is also called per frame. It is called after all other Update functions.
+  * This is useful to ensure all other Update related calculation is complete and other dependent calculation can be called.
+  * For example, if you need to integrate a third-person camera to follow any object; then it should be implemented inside the LateUpdate. It is make sure that camera will track the object after its movement and rotation update.
+> **GameObject Manipulation**
+<code c#>
+/* Create a GameObject */
+Instantiate(GameObject prefab);
+Instantiate(GameObject prefab, Transform parent);
+Instantiate(GameObject prefab, Vector3 position, Quaternion rotation);
+/* In Practice */
+Instantiate(bullet);
+Instantiate(bullet, bulletSpawn.transform);
+Instantiate(bullet, Vector3.zero, Quaternion.identity);
+Instantiate(bullet, new Vector3(0, 0, 10), bullet.transform.rotation);
+newobj = Instantiate(objTemplate) as ObjType;
+//from prefab - prefab must be in Resources folder
+newobj1 = Instantiate(Resources.Load("enemy"));
+// Instantiate the projectile at the position and rotation of this transform
+Rigidbody projectile;
+Rigidbody clone;
+clone = Instantiate(projectile, transform.position, transform.rotation);
+enemyOrc = Instantiate(Orc) as Enemy;
+/* Destroy a GameObject */
+Destroy(gameObject);
+/* Finding GameObjects */
+GameObject myObj = GameObject.Find("NAME IN HIERARCHY");
+GameObject myObj = GameObject.FindWithTag("TAG");
+childObject=parentObject.GetChild("child_name");
+parentObject.GetChild("child_name").GetComponent<SpriteRenderer>().sprite = image;
+/* Accessing Components */
+Example myComponent = GetComponent<Example>();
+AudioSource audioSource = GetComponent<AudioSource>();
+Rigidbody rgbd = GetComponent<Rigidbody>();
+GetComponent<SpriteRenderer>().sprite = image; //set image in child component
+GetComponent<Text>().text = '123' //set text
+/* Transforms - can be accessed using the `transform` attribute */
+Vector3 objectPosition = gameObject.transform.position;
+gameObject.transform.position = new Vector3(posX, posY, posZ);
+transform.Translate(Vector3.up * Time.deltaTime, Space.World);
+transform.Rotate(Vector3.up * Time.deltaTime, Space.World);
+/* Activate - can hide or how an element from the scene*/
+myObject.SetActive(false); // hide
+myObject.SetActive(true); // show
+GetComponent<BoxCollider>().enabled = false; // hide component
+</code>
+> **Vector Quick Reference**
+X = Left/Right   Y = Up/Down   Z = Forward/Back
+<code c#>
+Vector3.right /* (1, 0, 0) */   Vector2.right /* (1, 0) */
+Vector3.left /* (-1, 0, 0) */   Vector2.left /* (-1, 0) */
+Vector3.up /* (0, 1, 0) */      Vector2.up /* (0, 1) */
+Vector3.down /* (0, -1, 0) */   Vector2.down /* (0, -1) */
+Vector3.forward /* (0, 0, 1) */
+Vector3.back /* (0, 0, -1) */
+Vector3.zero /* (0, 0, 0) */    Vector2.zero /* (0, 0) */
+Vector3.one /* (1, 1, 1) */     Vector2.one /* (1, 1) */
+float length = myVector.magnitude /* Length of this Vector */
+myVector.normalized /* Keeps direction, but reduces length to 1 */
+</code>
+> **Time Variables**
+<code c#>
+/* The time in seconds since the start of the game */
+float timeSinceStartOfGame = Time.time;
+/* The scale at which the time is passing */
+float currentTimeScale = Time.timeScale;
+/* Pause time */
+Time.timeScale = 0;
+/* The time in seconds it took to complete the last frame */
+/* Use with Update() and LateUpdate() */
+float timePassedSinceLastFrame = Time.deltaTime;
+/* The interval in seconds at which physics and fixed frame rate updates are performed */
+/* Use with FixedUpdate() */
+float physicsInterval =  Time.fixedDeltaTime;
+</code>
+> **Random values**
+<code c#>
+Random.Range(-10.0f, 10.0f)
+Random.Range(0, 8);
+</code>
+> **Coroutines**
+While Coroutines seem to work like threads at first glance, they actually aren't using any multithreading. They are executed sequentially until they `yield`. Coroutine might seem like it is a thread, but coroutines execute within the main thread.
+The difference between a coroutine and a thread is very much like the difference between [cooperative multitasking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooperative_multitasking) and [preemptive multitasking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preemption_(computing)). Note that a coroutine runs on the main thread and must voluntarily yield control back to it, if control is not yielded (this is where the coroutine must be _cooperative_) then your coroutine will hang your main thread, thus hanging your game.
+The disadvantage of not doing "real" multithreading is that you can not use coroutines to parallelize CPU-intense calculations over multiple CPU cores.  With the release of Unity 2017, it is now possible to use a new C# feature called [**async-await**](https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/appconsult/2017/09/01/unity-coroutine-tap-en-us/) for our asynchronous methods instead. This comes with a lot of nice features compared to coroutines.
+**Let's look at a simple example. Given the following coroutine:**
+<code c#>
+public class AsyncExample : MonoBehaviour
+{
+    IEnumerator Start()
+    {
+        Debug.Log("Waiting 1 second...");
+        yield return new WaitForSeconds(1.0f);
+        Debug.Log("Done!");
+    }
+}
+</code>
+**The equivalent way to do this using async-await would be the following:**
+<code c#>
+public class AsyncExample : MonoBehaviour
+{
+    async void Start()
+    {
+        Debug.Log("Waiting 1 second...");
+        await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
+        Debug.Log("Done!");
+    }
+}
+</code>
+<note tip>
+Conclusion:
+  * If you want to use asynchronous execution to express game logic, use coroutines.
+  * If you want to use asynchronous execution to utilize multiple CPU cores, use threads.
+</note>
+> **Coroutines**
+<code c#>
+/* Create a Coroutine */
+private IEnumerator CountSeconds(int count = 10)
+{
+  for (int i = 0; i <= count; i++) {
+    Debug.Log(i + " second(s) have passed");
+    yield return new WaitForSeconds(1.0f);
+  }
+}
+/* Call a Coroutine */
+StartCoroutine(CountSeconds());
+StartCoroutine(CountSeconds(10));
+/* Call a Coroutine that may need to be stopped */
+StartCoroutine("CountSeconds");
+StartCoroutine("CountSeconds", 10);
+/* Stop a Coroutine */
+StopCoroutine("CountSeconds");
+StopAllCoroutines();
+/* Store and call a Coroutine from a variable */
+private IEnumerator countSecondsCoroutine;
+countSecondsCoroutine = CountSeconds();
+StartCoroutine(countSecondsCoroutine);
+/* Stop a stored Coroutine */
+StopCoroutine(countSecondsCoroutine);
+/* Coroutine Return Types */
+yield return null; // Waits until the next Update() call
+yield return new WaitForFixedUpdate(); // Waits until the next FixedUpdate() call
+yield return new WaitForEndOfFrame(); // Waits until everything this frame has executed
+yield return new WaitForSeconds(float seconds); // Waits for game time in seconds
+yield return new WaitUntil(() => MY_CONDITION); // Waits until a custom condition is met
+yield return new WWW("MY/WEB/REQUEST"); // Waits for a web request
+yield return StartCoroutine("MY_COROUTINE"); // Waits until another Coroutine is completed
+</code>

pjv/laboratoare/2023/03.1696927214.txt.gz · Last modified: 2023/10/10 11:40 by alexandru.gradinaru

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