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devops:cursuri:03 [2021/05/24 17:37] 127.0.0.1 external edit |
devops:cursuri:03 [2021/07/28 16:28] (current) bogdan.croitoru |
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- | ==== Cursul 03. ==== | + | ==== Cursul 03. Terraform si Ansible ==== |
+ | Pentru cea mai recenta versiune a acestui document intrati [[https://t0244759.pages.thalesdigital.io/iac-config-management/|aici]] | ||
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+ | <meta name="author" content="Sorin-Alexandru PADURARU"> | ||
+ | <title>Terraform si Ansible</title> | ||
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+ | </head> | ||
+ | <body class="article"> | ||
+ | <div id="header"> | ||
+ | <h1>Terraform si Ansible</h1> | ||
+ | <div class="details"> | ||
+ | <span id="author" class="author">Sorin-Alexandru PADURARU</span><br> | ||
+ | <span id="email" class="email"><a href="mailto:sorin.paduraru@thalesgroup.com">sorin.paduraru@thalesgroup.com</a></span><br> | ||
+ | <span id="revnumber">version TSS100,</span> | ||
+ | <span id="revdate">July 22, 2021</span> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div id="toc" class="toc"> | ||
+ | <div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div> | ||
+ | <ul class="sectlevel1"> | ||
+ | <li><a href="#_disclaimer">Disclaimer</a></li> | ||
+ | <li><a href="#_iac_infrastructure_as_code">IaC - Infrastructure as Code</a> | ||
+ | <ul class="sectlevel2"> | ||
+ | <li><a href="#_iac_vs_click_click">IaC vs click-click</a></li> | ||
+ | <li><a href="#_terraform">Terraform</a></li> | ||
+ | <li><a href="#_ansible">Ansible?</a></li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li><a href="#_software_provision_configuration_management_app_deployment">Software provision, Configuration management, App deployment</a> | ||
+ | <ul class="sectlevel2"> | ||
+ | <li><a href="#_configuration_management_vs_click_clack">Configuration management vs click-clack</a></li> | ||
+ | <li><a href="#_ansible_2">Ansible</a></li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li><a href="#_documentatie">Documentatie</a></li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div id="content"> | ||
+ | <div class="sect1"> | ||
+ | <h2 id="_disclaimer">Disclaimer</h2> | ||
+ | <div class="sectionbody"> | ||
+ | <div class="paragraph"> | ||
+ | <p>Informatiile de mai jos expun o mica parte a capabilitatilor uneltelor | ||
+ | prezentate precum si unul dintre numeroasele contexte si scenarii in care pot | ||
+ | fi folosite acestea.</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="paragraph"> | ||
+ | <p><strong>Nu</strong> presupuneti ca o problema similara trebuie rezolvata in modul expus aici | ||
+ | sau ca aceasta e <em>abordarea corecta</em>; scopul acestui document este de a expune</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="ulist"> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>o <strong>mica</strong> parte din ce pot face aceste unelte</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>un scenariu pur teoretic, cu putina aplicabilitate practica</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="paragraph"> | ||
+ | <p>astfel incat sa va formati o opinie despre conceptele de baza din jurul lor.</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="sect1"> | ||
+ | <h2 id="_iac_infrastructure_as_code">IaC - Infrastructure as Code</h2> | ||
+ | <div class="sectionbody"> | ||
+ | <div class="paragraph"> | ||
+ | <p>Conceptul se refera la acea categorie de unelte care ne ajuta sa mentinem | ||
+ | resursele dintr-un mediu de lucru sub forma de text.</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="paragraph"> | ||
+ | <p>Resursele ce pot fi administrate fac parte dintr-o plaja foarte larga de | ||
+ | tehnologii si pot contine:</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="ulist horizontal"> | ||
+ | <ul class="horizontal"> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>resurse IaaS:: Infrastructure as a Service</p> | ||
+ | <div class="ulist"> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>masini virtuale</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>instante dedicate de baze de date: Database as a Service e.g., AWS RDS | ||
+ | i.e., Relational Database Service</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>volume: discuri i.e., block devices</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>routere virtuale: AWS VPC i.e., Virtual Private Cloud, MS Azure Virtual | ||
+ | Network</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>subneturi</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>…​</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>resurse SaaS:: Software as a Service</p> | ||
+ | <div class="ulist"> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>Instante i.e., scheme de baze de date</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>Utilizatori in respectivele baze de date</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>Clustere Kubernetes</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>Load Balancere L3/L7</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>…​</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>resurse arbitrare</p> | ||
+ | <div class="ulist"> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>Proiecte, grupuri, etc in platforme precum GitLab</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>record-uri in DNS</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>containere intr-un host Docker</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>…​</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="paragraph"> | ||
+ | <p>Informatii suplimentare despre subiect gasiti pe | ||
+ | <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure_as_Code">Wikipedia</a>.</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="sect2"> | ||
+ | <h3 id="_iac_vs_click_click">IaC vs click-click</h3> | ||
+ | <div class="paragraph"> | ||
+ | <p>Cream mai jos o masina virtuala intr-o instanta | ||
+ | <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenStack">OpenStack</a> folosind <a href="https://registry.terraform.io/providers/terraform-provider-openstack/openstack/latest/docs">providerul OpenStack</a> | ||
+ | pentru Terraform:</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="listingblock"> | ||
+ | <div class="content"> | ||
+ | <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-hcl" data-lang="hcl">resource "openstack_compute_instance_v2" "instance" { | ||
+ | name = "vm-de-test" | ||
+ | image_id = "ubuntu-bionic" | ||
+ | flavor_name = "m1.small" | ||
+ | key_pair = "ssh-rsa a@b" | ||
+ | network { | ||
+ | name = "summer-school-net" | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | }</code></pre> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="paragraph"> | ||
+ | <p>Spre deosebire de cateva operatiuni manuale:</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="imageblock"> | ||
+ | <div class="content"> | ||
+ | <img src="openstack-manual.PNG" alt="Operatiuni manuale pentru replicarea declaratiei de mai sus"> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="sect3"> | ||
+ | <h4 id="_alte_unelte_folosite_in_acest_sens">Alte unelte folosite in acest sens</h4> | ||
+ | <div class="ulist"> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansible_(software)">Ansible</a></p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puppet_(software)">Puppet</a></p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_(software)">SaltStack</a></p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>Vedeti linkul catre <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure_as_Code">IaC</a> de mai sus pentru | ||
+ | mai multe detalii</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="sect2"> | ||
+ | <h3 id="_terraform">Terraform</h3> | ||
+ | <div class="paragraph"> | ||
+ | <p>Terraform este o unealta IaC ce foloseste modelul | ||
+ | <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declarative_programming">declarativ</a>. | ||
+ | Conceptele de baza sunt decrise mai jos.</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="sect3"> | ||
+ | <h4 id="_modulul_root">Modulul ROOT</h4> | ||
+ | <div class="paragraph"> | ||
+ | <p>In diferite locuri i.e., locuri de munca, proiecte, etc, li se mai spune si | ||
+ | <em>planuri</em>; oricare ar fi numele utilizat, se refera la radacina directorului in | ||
+ | care adaugam fisiere text cu extensia <code>.tf</code> in care declaram resursele pe care | ||
+ | dorim sa le administram; sunt citite de Terraform si pe baza lor opereaza | ||
+ | acesta potentiale modificari.</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="paragraph"> | ||
+ | <p>Radacina unor <em>planuri</em> se mai numeste si <code>modul ROOT</code>.</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="listingblock"> | ||
+ | <div class="content"> | ||
+ | <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh">$ tree summer-school/ | ||
+ | summer-school/ # Radacina planurilor i.e., modulul ROOT | ||
+ | ├── main.tf # Nume arbitrar pentru fisier text in care declaram resurse | ||
+ | ├── provider.tf # Nume arbitrar pentru fisier text in care declaram providerul folosit | ||
+ | ├── terraform.state # State terraform tinut local | ||
+ | └── README.adoc # Documentatie privind scopul directorului/planurilor</code></pre> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="sect4"> | ||
+ | <h5 id="_alte_module">Alte module</h5> | ||
+ | <div class="paragraph"> | ||
+ | <p>Modulele pot incapsula tot felul de functionalitati e.g.:</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="ulist"> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>creare de masini virtuale cu volume atasate</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>creare de masini virtuale cu numar dinamic de interfete de retea si intrari | ||
+ | in DNS</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>SaaS: Clustere Consul in AWS, Cluster Kubernetes in Azure etc</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="paragraph"> | ||
+ | <p>Mai multe despre ele puteti citi in <a href="https://www.terraform.io/docs/language/modules/index.html">documentatia</a> | ||
+ | oficiala.</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="sect3"> | ||
+ | <h4 id="_provider">Provider</h4> | ||
+ | <div class="paragraph"> | ||
+ | <p>Terraform foloseste conceptul de <a href="https://www.terraform.io/docs/language/providers/index.html">provider</a> | ||
+ | pentru a interactiona cu diversi furnizori de servicii si/sau infrastructura:</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="ulist"> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>provideri cloud</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>instante baze de date</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>routere</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="paragraph"> | ||
+ | <p>Oricare dintre resursele declarate in <a href="#_modulul_root">Modulul ROOT</a> sau in | ||
+ | <a href="#_alte_module">alte module</a> vor fi legate de providerul folosit. Spre | ||
+ | exemplu, o resursa de tip masina virtuala pentru OpenStack nu poate fi folosita | ||
+ | in Amazon AWS; fiecare provider are specificul lui si serviciile proprii, macar | ||
+ | usor diferite de ale celorlalti provideri.</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="ulist"> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>Poti folosi unul sau mai multi provideri pentru a administra resursele dorite</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>Poti folosi acelasi provider | ||
+ | <a href="https://www.terraform.io/docs/language/providers/configuration.html#alias-multiple-provider-configurations">de mai multe ori</a> | ||
+ | pentru scenarii aparte</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="sect3"> | ||
+ | <h4 id="_state">State</h4> | ||
+ | <div class="paragraph"> | ||
+ | <p>Terraform tine | ||
+ | <a href="https://www.terraform.io/docs/language/state/index.htm">starea</a><sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_1" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_1" title="View footnote.">1</a>]</sup> reala a resurselor intr-un fisier | ||
+ | <em>oarecum</em> JSON, in care inregistreaza pe care dintre resursele declarate in | ||
+ | <a href="#_modulul_root">planuri</a> a reusit sa le creeze <a href="#_provider">provider</a>-ul, | ||
+ | precum si metadatele asociate.</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="paragraph"> | ||
+ | <p>State-ul poate fi stocat pe masina de pe care rulam Terraform sau poate fi | ||
+ | stocat intr-unul din | ||
+ | <a href="https://www.terraform.io/docs/language/settings/backends/index.html">backend-urile</a> | ||
+ | remote suportate e.g.:</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="ulist"> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>consul</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>azurerm</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>etcd</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="listingblock"> | ||
+ | <div class="title">Structura fisier state Terraform</div> | ||
+ | <div class="content"> | ||
+ | <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-json" data-lang="json">{ | ||
+ | "version": 3, | ||
+ | "serial": 1, | ||
+ | "lineage": "6bae2eff-3a14-945e-035c-9796accc5887", | ||
+ | "backend": { | ||
+ | "type": "swift", | ||
+ | "config": { | ||
+ | "allow_reauth": null, | ||
+ | "application_credential_id": null, | ||
+ | |||
+ | ... | ||
+ | }</code></pre> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="sect2"> | ||
+ | <h3 id="_ansible">Ansible?</h3> | ||
+ | <div class="paragraph"> | ||
+ | <p>Da, si Ansible poate fi folosit pentru IaC:</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="listingblock"> | ||
+ | <div class="content"> | ||
+ | <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">- name: Creeaza o instanta | ||
+ | openstack.cloud.server: | ||
+ | state: present | ||
+ | auth: | ||
+ | auth_url: https://endpoint.iam.instanta.openstack.lan | ||
+ | username: admin | ||
+ | password: admin | ||
+ | project_name: summer-school | ||
+ | name: vm-de-test | ||
+ | image: ubuntu-bionic | ||
+ | key_name: "ssh-rsa a@b" | ||
+ | timeout: 200 | ||
+ | flavor: "m1.small" | ||
+ | network: "summer-school-net"</code></pre> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="paragraph"> | ||
+ | <p>Vrei sa folosesti Ansible pentru IaC? <strong>Poate</strong>; eu nu.</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="paragraph"> | ||
+ | <p>Poate daca:</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="ulist"> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>Proiectul pe care lucrezi a investit masiv in asta</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>Cei implicati stiu doar Ansible</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="paragraph"> | ||
+ | <p>Altfel, as spune ca:</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="ulist"> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>Modelul implicit Ansible este de a se conecta la sisteme remote; aici | ||
+ | modulele s-ar executa pe hostul de pe care rulam Ansible → inventarul ar | ||
+ | putea arata cam ciudat</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>Nu exista un raspuns <em>corect</em>; nu il cautati</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="sect1"> | ||
+ | <h2 id="_software_provision_configuration_management_app_deployment">Software provision, Configuration management, App deployment</h2> | ||
+ | <div class="sectionbody"> | ||
+ | <div class="paragraph"> | ||
+ | <p>Cu toate ca linia de demarcatie e difuza, spre deosebire de IaC, in zona de | ||
+ | configuration management, app deployment etc, atentia e indreptata asupra altor | ||
+ | aspecte, precum:</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="ulist"> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>serviciile</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>pachetele</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>utilizatorii</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>deployment-ului de aplicatii custom</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="paragraph"> | ||
+ | <p>de pe un sistem dat. Altfel spus, mai putin asupra resurselor de | ||
+ | infrastructura si mai mult asupra serviciilor si ecosistemului serviciilor | ||
+ | respective.</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="sect2"> | ||
+ | <h3 id="_configuration_management_vs_click_clack">Configuration management vs click-clack</h3> | ||
+ | <div class="sect3"> | ||
+ | <h4 id="_scenariu">Scenariu</h4> | ||
+ | <div class="paragraph"> | ||
+ | <p>Vrem sa:</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="ulist"> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>cream trei utilizatori, toti parte a grupului primar <code>admini</code>:</p> | ||
+ | <div class="ulist"> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>asterix</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>obelix</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>idefix</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>instalam patru pachete:</p> | ||
+ | <div class="ulist"> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>lynx</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>tmux</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>vsftpd</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>gcc</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>configuram un banner specific la login:</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="listingblock"> | ||
+ | <div class="content"> | ||
+ | <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh">Va rugam politicos sa nu folositi acest sistem daca nu aveti dreptul sa o faceti. Multumim! | ||
+ | |||
+ | --- Panoramix si echipa</code></pre> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="paragraph"> | ||
+ | <p>pe o distributie Debian 10 si pe o distributie CentOS 7. | ||
+ | Mai intai aratam cum se face 'de mana' dupa documentatie si-apoi vedem cum | ||
+ | se poate face folosind o unealta de configuration management.</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="sect4"> | ||
+ | <h5 id="_click_clack">Click-clack</h5> | ||
+ | <div class="listingblock"> | ||
+ | <div class="title">Cream utilizatorii pe ambele sisteme folosind aceleasi comenzi</div> | ||
+ | <div class="content"> | ||
+ | <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh">sudo groupadd admini | ||
+ | sudo useradd asterix --gid admini | ||
+ | sudo passwd asterix # adaugam o parola pentru userul asterix | ||
+ | sudo useradd obelix --gid admini | ||
+ | sudo useradd idefix --gid admini</code></pre> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="listingblock"> | ||
+ | <div class="title">Pe Debian instalam pachetele cu</div> | ||
+ | <div class="content"> | ||
+ | <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh">sudo apt-get update | ||
+ | sudo apt-get install lynx tmux vsftpd gcc</code></pre> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="listingblock"> | ||
+ | <div class="title">Pe CentOS instalam pachetele cu:</div> | ||
+ | <div class="content"> | ||
+ | <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh">sudo yum install lynx tmux vsftpd gcc</code></pre> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="listingblock"> | ||
+ | <div class="title">Aplicam bannerul ce trebuie afisat la login</div> | ||
+ | <div class="content"> | ||
+ | <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh">cat <<EOF > /workspace/student/motd | ||
+ | Va rugam politicos sa nu folositi acest sistem daca nu aveti dreptul sa o faceti. Multumim! | ||
+ | |||
+ | --- Panoramix si echipa | ||
+ | EOF | ||
+ | sudo mv /workspace/student/motd /etc/motd</code></pre> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="sect4"> | ||
+ | <h5 id="_configuration_management">Configuration management</h5> | ||
+ | <div class="listingblock"> | ||
+ | <div class="title">playbook.yml</div> | ||
+ | <div class="content"> | ||
+ | <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">--- | ||
+ | - hosts: "{{ _hosts | default('all') }}" # executam asupra tuturor sistemelor despre care stim | ||
+ | become_user: root # ne conectam ca si utilizatorul root | ||
+ | vars: | ||
+ | utilizatori: | ||
+ | - user: asterix # Parola este: asterix | ||
+ | parola: "$6$U9D8CKVFasZBXtfE$jElu7BDrU7bykn2LudE1moTKea3ffK5Tad0P9x2T/U5y0rGm8Q4qcbm/VivSvRy0Yk3b29V0rX3J.KH0UFMEP/" | ||
+ | - user: obelix | ||
+ | - user: idefix | ||
+ | pachete: # definim o variabila de tip lista pentru stocarea numelor pachetelor | ||
+ | - lynx | ||
+ | - tmux | ||
+ | - vsftpd | ||
+ | - gcc | ||
+ | motd: | | ||
+ | Va rugam politicos sa nu folositi acest sistem daca nu aveti dreptul sa o faceti. Multumim! | ||
+ | |||
+ | --- Panoramix si echipa | ||
+ | tasks: # executam pasii pe care ni-i dorim | ||
+ | - name: Instalam grupul | ||
+ | group: | ||
+ | name: "admini" | ||
+ | |||
+ | - name: Instalam utilizatorii | ||
+ | user: | ||
+ | name: "{{ item.user }}" | ||
+ | group: "admini" | ||
+ | password: "{{ item.parola | default(omit) }}" | ||
+ | state: present | ||
+ | loop: "{{ utilizatori }}" # executam modulul `user` pentru fiecare utilizator | ||
+ | |||
+ | - name: Instalam pachetele | ||
+ | package: | ||
+ | name: "{{ pachete }}" | ||
+ | state: present | ||
+ | |||
+ | - name: Aplicam bannerul | ||
+ | copy: | ||
+ | content: "{{ motd }}" | ||
+ | dest: "/etc/motd" | ||
+ | owner: root | ||
+ | group: root | ||
+ | mode: "0644"</code></pre> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="sect3"> | ||
+ | <h4 id="_terraform_2">Terraform?</h4> | ||
+ | <div class="paragraph"> | ||
+ | <p>Cum ar veni, putem folosi Terraform in scopul asta? Nu.</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="sect3"> | ||
+ | <h4 id="_alte_solutii">Alte solutii?</h4> | ||
+ | <div class="paragraph"> | ||
+ | <p>Destule, nu toate se muleaza 1:1 pe situatia de mai sus.</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="sect2"> | ||
+ | <h3 id="_ansible_2">Ansible</h3> | ||
+ | <div class="sect3"> | ||
+ | <h4 id="_inventar">Inventar</h4> | ||
+ | <div class="paragraph"> | ||
+ | <p>Unul sau mai multe fisiere statice, dinamice, sau combinatie intre aceste | ||
+ | variante prin care definim sistemele pe care dorim sa le administram.</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="paragraph"> | ||
+ | <p>Pentru constructia inventarului, ansible se foloseste de plugin-uri; acestea | ||
+ | pot citi hosturi din fisiere in formate precum <code>.ini</code> sau <code>.yaml</code>, sau pot | ||
+ | executa scripturi care la randul lor culeg informatii despre hosturile pe care | ||
+ | dorim sa le administram.</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="listingblock"> | ||
+ | <div class="title">Doua hosturi parte din grupul <code>all</code>, unul parte din grupul <code>debian</code>, intr-un inventar static in format <code>.ini</code></div> | ||
+ | <div class="content"> | ||
+ | <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-ini" data-lang="ini">[all] | ||
+ | sistem1.lan | ||
+ | sistem2.lan | ||
+ | |||
+ | [debian] | ||
+ | sistem3.lan</code></pre> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="admonitionblock note"> | ||
+ | <table> | ||
+ | <tr> | ||
+ | <td class="icon"> | ||
+ | <div class="title">Note</div> | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | <td class="content"> | ||
+ | <code>sistem3.lan</code> face parte si din grupul <code>all</code>; toate hosturile fac parte | ||
+ | implicit si din grupul <code>all</code>. | ||
+ | </td> | ||
+ | </tr> | ||
+ | </table> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="paragraph"> | ||
+ | <p>Proprietati specifice grupului sau hostului in sine pot fi declarate in | ||
+ | directoarele <code>host_vars</code> sau <code>group_vars</code>:</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="listingblock"> | ||
+ | <div class="content"> | ||
+ | <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-yml" data-lang="yml">$ tree inventar | ||
+ | . | ||
+ | ├── group_vars | ||
+ | │ ├── all.yml | ||
+ | │ └── debian.yml | ||
+ | ├── host_vars | ||
+ | │ └── sistem1.lan.yml | ||
+ | └── inventar.yml</code></pre> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="sect3"> | ||
+ | <h4 id="_playbook">Playbook</h4> | ||
+ | <div class="paragraph"> | ||
+ | <p>Playbook-ul defineste o succesiune de taskuri<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_2" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_2" title="View footnote.">2</a>]</sup>, precum si hosturile | ||
+ | asupra carora se va executa acea succesiune de taskuri; un exemplu de task ar | ||
+ | putea fi chemarea unui modul ansible specializat pe un grup de actiuni | ||
+ | e.g., modulul | ||
+ | <a href="https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/collections/ansible/builtin/user_module.html">user</a>, | ||
+ | care administreaza aspecte legate de utilizatorii prezenti pe un sistem Linux/Unix:</p> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="ulist"> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>username</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>parola</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>home directory</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>shell folosit</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>…​</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="sect1"> | ||
+ | <h2 id="_documentatie">Documentatie</h2> | ||
+ | <div class="sectionbody"> | ||
+ | <div class="ulist"> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>Terraform</p> | ||
+ | <div class="ulist"> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p><a href="https://www.terraform.io/docs/index.html">Documentatie oficiala Terraform</a></p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p><a href="https://www.terraformupandrunning.com/">Terraform Up & Running</a></p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p><a href="https://blog.gruntwork.io/a-comprehensive-guide-to-terraform-b3d32832baca">Blogul celor de la Gruntwork</a></p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p><a href="https://sysadvent.blogspot.com/">Blogul SYSADVENT</a></p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p>Ansible</p> | ||
+ | <div class="ulist"> | ||
+ | <ul> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p><a href="https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/user_guide/index.html#getting-started">Documentatie oficiala Ansible</a></p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p><a href="https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/user_guide/basic_concepts.html#basic-concepts">Concepte de baza</a></p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | <li> | ||
+ | <p><code>site:https://jpmens.net ansible</code> in motorul vostru de cautare favorit</p> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </li> | ||
+ | </ul> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div id="footnotes"> | ||
+ | <hr> | ||
+ | <div class="footnote" id="_footnotedef_1"> | ||
+ | <a href="#_footnoteref_1">1</a>. Reala, relativ la ultima data cand a rulat :^) Daca cineva modifica resurse in afara Terraform vor aparea potentiale situatii ciudate | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div class="footnote" id="_footnotedef_2"> | ||
+ | <a href="#_footnoteref_2">2</a>. Indiferent ca taskurile reprezinta executia unui modul, chemarea unui rol, definirea unui handler etc | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | <div id="footer"> | ||
+ | <div id="footer-text"> | ||
+ | Version TSS100<br> | ||
+ | Last updated 2021-07-20 20:57:24 UTC | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | </body> | ||
+ | </html> |