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Operation | Time (ns) | Notes |
---|---|---|
L1 cache reference | 0.5 ns | |
Branch mispredict | 5 ns | |
L2 cache reference | 7 ns | 14x L1 cache |
Mutex lock/unlock | 25 ns | |
Main memory reference | 100 ns | 20x L2 cache, 200x L1 cache |
Compress 1K bytes with Zippy | 3,000 ns | |
Send 1K bytes over 1 Gbps network | 10,000 ns | 0.01 ms |
Read 4K randomly from SSD* | 150,000 ns | 0.15 ms |
Read 1 MB sequentially from memory | 250,000 ns | 0.25 ms |
Round trip within same datacenter | 500,000 ns | 0.5 ms |
Read 1 MB sequentially from SSD* | 1,000,000 ns | 1 ms, 4x memory |
Disk seek | 10,000,000 ns | 10 ms, 20x datacenter roundtrip |
Read 1 MB sequentially from disk | 20,000,000 ns | 20 ms, 80x memory, 20x SSD |
Send packet Caracal - NY - Caracal | 150,000,000 ns | 150 ms |
Un *profiler* este un utilitar de analiză a *performanței* care ajută programatorul să determine punctele critice – *bottleneck* – ale unui program. Acest lucru se realizează prin investigarea comportamentului programului, evaluarea consumului de memorie și relația dintre modulele acestuia.